Routing Slip, No Subject (Encl: Proposal to Provide Independent Scientific Assessment of the Radiological Risk of Resettling Eneu and Bikini Islands, Dated 9/9/81)

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ROUTING #ND TRANSMITTAL SUP ‘!! n I 1- !! Not. and Rstum 3t Requaated II For Correction II PMparaReply irculate ] For Your Information ]Sae Me }mrnent II investigate 11 Signetum ~ NOT use this form as l RECORD of SppMVSh, COIKUITWIC-, disposals, claaranc~ and similar actions

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EPIDEMIOLOGY RESOURCES, INC. Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary for Environment, Safety and Health Department of Energy We are pleased tc submit a proposal in response to your letter of August 19, 1981, to Mr. Jonathan Weisgall. Although implicit in our technical proposal, I would like to emphasize that the four points you raised in that letter will be met. We believe that examining only forty (40) environmental samples is cutting it close and we would prefer more; however, we agree to this in order to expedite the contract. In accordance with accepted international practice, the dosimetry will be based on two kinds of assay: (1) analysis for gamma-emitting nuclides by gamma spectrometry, and (2) specific chemical analysis for plutonium and strontium-90. Under ordinary circumstances, roughly sixty (60) days are required for these ana,lyses. Since the development of the report depends heavily on the results of these analyses, we cannot guarantee completion of this project within 90 days, although we will make every effort to do so. Further, since you have requested that Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory conduct duplicate analyses, it will be important for the results of those analyses to be cited in this report for comparative purposes. Therefore, the final report could be held up if Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory cannot keep to the tight time schedule required by this project. This proposal is a firm offer for sixty (60) days from the date of this letter. Upon notification by the Department of Energy, we guarantee to begin-work within three (3) weeks. We will make an effort to coordinate our travel plans with DOE laboratory personnel, unless such coordination is

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PROPOSAL TO PROVIDE INDEPENDENT SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT OF THE RADIOLOGICAL RISK OF RESETTLING ENEU AND BIKINI ISLANDS Bikini Atoll is a chain of 26 islands with a combined land area of 2.32 square miles, surrounding a lagoon of approximately 243 square miles. Bikini is the largest of the atoll’s islands and covers 0.66 square miles. The atoll is one of 29 atolls and 5 islands comprising the Marshall Islands, which are spread over 357,000 square miles in the central Pacific Ocean. In January, 1946, the Joint Chiefs selected Bikini Atoll as the site to conduct a series of nuclear tests in a program known as “Operation Crossroads.” The Bikini people were evacuated to Rongerik Atoll, 140 miles east of Bikini in March of the same year. Two years later they were moved to the U.S. military base at Kwajalein, and then to the island of Kili, where most Bikinians continue to live today. Between 1946 and 1958, the Bikini atoll was the site for 23 nuclear tests. Ever since the Bikinians were moved off their atoll in 1946, the people have looked forward to returning to their homeland at such time when it was no longer needed. Clearly their wish to return to their native home is balanced by their desire for ph:ysical safety and health for themselves and their progeny. Their experience in dealing with the U.S. government has led them to become cautious and distrustful. Now instead of accepting without question the

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recommendations of U.S. government scientists, the Bikini people have requested the U.S. government fund the participation of an independent scientist to review and interpret the most recent radiological survey. The Memorandum Agreement of October 27, 1978, which settled the litigation in People of Bikini v. Seamans, et al., Civ. No. 75-348 (D-Ha) provides that the people of Bikini may select a qualified scientist having generally accepted scientific training and experience to participate in the process of In 1980 the Department of Energy released a bilingual report in English and Marshallese entitled, “The Meaning of Radiation at Bikini Atoll.”l The report described what radiation is, how the radioactive fallout occurred and spread as a result of the nuclear tests, and the nature and kinds of radioactivity in the Bikini environment of that time. Some of the delayed health effects of ionizing radiation were discussed with particular emphasis on cancer and birth defects. If parts of the Bikini Atoll were resettled,

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(b) A lay report to be translated into to the Bikinians on Kili. Since the Memorandum Agreement suggests that Marshallese and presented orally the Department of Energy and the Department of Interic]r have shared responsibility for the independent scientific assessment, this project is divided into two phases to be funded separately. Funding for the technical evaluation will be the responsibility of the Department of Energy, whereas funding for preparation and delivery of the lay report will Ibethe responsibility of the Department of Interior. Since the project requires technical review involving the disciplines of radiation biology, medicine, environmental dosimetry and social behavior, Epidemiology Resources, Inc. is proposing a team of three scientists to conduct the project. Dr. Henry I. Kohn, the David Wesley Gaiser Professor Emeritus of Radiaticln Biology at Harvard Medical School, is proposed as the principal investigator. Dr. Nancy Dreyer would be the co-principal investigator and project coordinator. Dr. Dreyer, with training in sociology and research experience director of Epidemiology Resources, Inc. Dr. John in radiation, is the Harley, a well known authority in environmental radiation, is proposed as the third member for this—. project. Dr. Harley was the director of the U.S. Environmental Measurements Laboratory for 20 years and retired in 1980. This document is a revision of our May 6, 1981 proposal to the Department of Energy. It incorporates all the recommendations made by Mr. Stephen H. Greenleigh of the Department of Energy in his letter of August 19, 1$80 (Appendix B). QUALIFICATIONS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY RESOURCES, INC. (ERI) ERI was selected for this project by the Bikinians and approved by

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their scientific expertise in the area of ionizing radiation, and (2) because ERI has no on-going contractual agreements with the Department of Energy or any related agencies that might be construedas conflict of ~nterest. Currently ERI receives no federal support for research activities. Directly Related Work Experience The following project was conducted by the Epidemiology Resources, Inc. staff when they were the Epidemiology Group at the Health Systems Division of Equifax, Inc. CLIENT: Nuclear Regulatory Commission PROJECTTITLE: A STUDY TO DETERMINE THE FEASIBILITY OF CONDUCTING EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES OF THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF This project focused on identifying suitable populations for study and evaluated the probability of conducting a definitive study on any one of them. Occupationally exposed groups, medically exposed populations and groups with special environmental exposure to radiation were evaluated. The project utilized skills in epidemiology, radiation biology, occupational, medical and environmental dosimetry, occupational health and medicine. Dr. Dreyer, as the principal investigator, coordinated the work of staff and consultants, who critically considered the broad spectrum of biological

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effects of low-level ionizing radiation, the expected excess in health defects according to dose, and the precision in dose assessment as a consequence of natural variability and sampling error. Various sites across the United States were visited to determine the availability of records for the candidate populations and to identify problems associated with obtaining access to data and with record linkage. The results led to recommendations for policy makers and the Congress regarding the most cost-efficient and valid investigations worthy of future support. To provide the requisite combination of skills, ERI is proposing a group of three people to conduct the scientific assessment of the Department of Energy’s radiological survey of Bikini Atoll. The proposed staff is: Advisor on Environmental The following pages contain the C.V.S of Drs. Henry Kohn, Nancy Dreyer, and John Harley.

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Gaiser Professor of Senior Medical Scientist knerican Board of Radiology Therapy 1952 Stockholm Sweden and Cambridge, England Epidemiology Resources, Inc. 1980- Present Chestnut Hill, MA Health Systems Division 1979-1980 Harvard Medical School 1978- Present Shields Warren Radiation Laboratory 1965-1979 New England Deaconess Hospital Harvard Medical School Center for Human Genetics Harvard Medical School Fuller-American Cancer Harvard Medical School Society Professor Boston, MA

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Clinical Professor of University of California San Francisco, CA Oak Ridge National Laboratory & University of California San Francluco, CA Duke Medical School MAJOR COMMITTEES AND OTHER ACTIVITIES Comrnittee on Nuclear & Alternative 1975- Present Biomedical Research Review Committee 1974- Present Argonne Associated Universities Radiation Research Society 1962-1965 Radiation Study Section 1966-1970 National Institutes of Health Atomic Energy Commission 1958-1962 Advisory Committee on Biology & Medicine American Physiological Society Radiation Research Society Environmental Mutagen Society A complete list will be supplied on request. ‘

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University of North Carolina University of North Carolina Director Epidemiology Resources, Inc. 1980- Present Director of New England Epidemiology Institute 1980- Present Surruner Program Chestnut Hill, MA Dtiector of Equifax Inc. 1979-1980 Epidemiologic Health Systems Division Research Reading, MA. Epidemiologist Depts. of Pathology and Medicine 1977-1979 Duke University Medical Center Summer Intern Contraceptive Evaluation Branch 1978 Center for Population Research National Institute for Child Health and Human Development Epidemiologist Chronic Disease Branch Cli~ion of Health Sewices N.C. Dept. of Human Resources

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Research halyst Registry of Clear-Cell Adenocarcinoma 1972-1974 of the Lower Genital Tract in Massachusetts General Hospital American Association for the Advancement of Science American Public Health Association International Epidemiological Association National Women’s Health Network So,siety for Epidemiologic Research Consultimt DES Mothers Study 1980- Present Cuest Lecturer Women’s Health Course 1979- Present Ha.mard School of Public Health ity of conducting epidemiologic studies of the health effects of low-level ionizing radiation. Phase I Report, January 15, 1980. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Publication NUREG/CR-117d, May 1980. gations of the health effects of tow-level io~zing radiation. Final Report, September 30, 1980. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Publication PAPERS AND LETTERS: Dreyer, N.A: Sex Roles and Delay Behaviour, Dreyer, N.A. ad S.V. Pizzo: Blood coagulation and idiopathic thromboembolism in fertile “women. Cctnhxeption 22 (2): 123-135, 1960. Woods, and S.A James: ISRO: A scaIe for measuring sex role

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oral contraceptive-associated thromboembolism, Contraception, in press, demiologic studie~ of cancer in people residing near Rocky Flats, Hecdth Physics, in press. Dreyer, N.A. and S.V. Pizzo: A.study of menstrual variation in fibrinolytic activity among women in the fertile age rzmge, Submitted for publication. study of human healkh effects of low-dose ionizing radiation, Amtiun Journal of Public HeaLth, in press. ionizing radiatioz Submitted for risk of neoplasia from low-dose spusely Dreyer, N.A: Prospects for epidemiologic studies of low-level ionizing radiation. Presented at the meeting of the Society for Epidemiologic Research June 18-20, 1980, Minneapolis, MN. American Jourmzi of @idemioiogy 112 Dreyer, N.A.: Examining the puzzle of health eflects of low-dose ionizing radiation. Presented at the meeting of the American Public Health Association, October 22,1980, Detroit, Ml.

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Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Epidemiology Resources, Inc. Chestnut Hill, MA Environmental Measurements Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy New York, NY Health and Safety Laboratory U.S. Energy Research & Development New York, NY Health and Safety Laboratory U.S. Atomic Energy Conwnission New York, NY Health and Safety Laboratory U.S. Atomic Energy Commission New York, NY . Health and Safety Laboratory New York, NY Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Union Carbide and Carbon Niagara Falls, NY U.S. Rubber Company, Latex Development A complete list will be supplied on request.

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In a meeting on March 4, 1981, Bikini Senator Henchi Bales identified the areas of concern: Did the Department of Energy collect a sufficient sample of materials from Bikini Atoll to assess accurately the expected dose to the Would the expected dosage pose a serious health risk to children, adults or their progeny? Would it be possible to clean up Bikini Atoll so that it would be The dose assessment and related health risks depend heavily on assumptions about the geographic and demographic distribution of the resettled population and of its diet and social customs. We propose the following workplan, separated into two phases for ‘ administrative purposes. The entire workplan is described; however, only the budget to be funded directly by the Department of Energy has been included in this proposal. As of this date, the Department of Energy-supported report has not yet been published. We assume that the information necessary for this study_will be made available to us by the Department of Energy and/or the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, where it was generated. PHASE ONE: PREPARE A TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY’S RADIOLOGICAL SURVEY PND RISK ESTIMATESFOR PERSONS WHO RESETTLE ENEU AND BIKINI ISLANDS (TO BE SUPPORTED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY) -- 3 MONTHS Task 1: Review Lawrence Livermore Laboratory’s dosimetry Task 2: Go to Bikin’1 atoll and collect 40 environmental samples of soil and foodstuffs, including marine foods and animals, such as pigs, chickens,

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etc. The taking and handling of these environmental samples will be jointly supervised by one person designated by Epidemiology Resources, Inc. and one person designated by Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. Technical procedures covering such matters as sampling techniques, sample storage and transportation, analytical procedures, etc., will be determined by joint agreement between Epidemiology Resources, Inc. and a representative designated by the Lawrence Livermore National Assay environmental samples for gamma radiation, plutonium and strontium (to be subcontracted to Environmental Analysis Laboratories, Richmond, CA). Enough material will be collected to permit splitting of samples fm confirmatory analyses by Epidemiology Resources, Inc. and Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. Compare the diet used by the Department of Energy with other available dietary surveys and provide at least two different dietary profi” to be used in our dosage estimates. Parallel calculations using Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s dietary assumptions wil’ Task 5: Estimate average dose per year and dose range for embryo, fetus, — and their progeny for likely lifestyles on resettled Eneu and Bikini Task 6: Based on Task 5, estimate the magnitude and range of potential health defects for resettlement of Eneu and Bikini islands. PROJECT DELIVERABLE: One scientific report

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PHASE TWO: PREPARE A BILINGUAL REPORT BASED ON THE RESULTS OF PHASE ONE AND DISCUSS IT WITH BIKINIANS ON KILI (TO BE SUPPORTED BY THE DEPARTMENT Task 1: Write a report for Bikinians and send to Mrs. Alice Buck for translation Task 2: If necessary, meet with translator in Hawaii to produce a final draft of the report; then present report to Bikinians on Kili (Drs. Kohn, Task 3: Transmit written report to Department of Interior plus a brief summary of the discussion of the report by the Bikinians at Kili, as noted in PROJECT DELIVERABLES: One bilingual report (1000 copies) and one summary !40TE: We assume that the cost for the translator’s time and travel will be supported directly by the Department of Interior.

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This is a cost proposal for a cost-plus-fixed-fee contract. Reimbursement for translators fees and travel are not included. Our overhead rate was modified at the end of our fiscal year, June 30th.

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;?%01&92’%n Street, Suite 103 ssessment of the Radiological Risk of hestnut Hill, MA 02167 esettling Eneu and Bikini Islands I TOTAL AMOUNT Of PR@OSAl GOVI SOLICIIAIIONNO hestnut Hill, MA s99.524 DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF COST ELEMENTS (J) YOUR STANDARD COMMERCIAL IIEMS

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jidemioloq.y Resources, Inc. I September 9, 1981 sanplesof foodstuffs and soil …