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Machine-read from the scan, so expect some errors. Lines that couldn’t be read are left out.
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population to soar and-be limited only by populationpressu:e, the exceptionof the islet of lhe~{etakthe rat populationreacileclthe “’.“ maximum carrying of the islets sumeyed. ‘,., Mice, though not taken in traps, aye presenton the islets.“’Evidence”~’’;~;fi used to determine their presencew~s the collectionof frass and ~~ . signs of damage. The populationof mi.cc on the individualislets is”“.”-“’; obtain ectoparasitesfrom the rats. ,“ 3) Visual examinationof the bo+ and hair with the aid ofmaomi~ing ~= Lack of higher ectoparasiticpopulationis attributedto extremely. . limited contactwith other mamnalian species. Various species of stinging (aculeate)wasps are present on all of the islets. Polistes G fuscatus-var.aurifer is the most aggressive. Ropalidiamarglnata Parasiticwasps of the family Sphscidaewere also collected. k In all cases the wasp populationsper islet is low. However, where present the wasps tend to be concentratedin small areas. For example,on the islet of Jeclrol(Rex) a P. fuscatus colony was located in a refrigeratorbuilding. The–colonywas old but viable and nests varied in size from the diameter of a quarter - to the size of a football. About 25wasps were present in the refrigeratorbuilding and a “E nher were observed foragi~gin the area. The estimated living populationof the colony is between 100 and 150 wasps. Limi;ed natural food sources ad hi~h winds have severly restricted the numbers of wasps capable of suwiving on the islets. Normal fdock such as lepidopterous larvae, nectar ctc, are extremely be located in dense foliage, well shieldedfrom the wind ad close to the ground. Some R, marginatawere observed nesting up tosix feet above ground on–th=l~e of the foliage. .+
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4) The wasps norm,~ll.yare not ag.qressive{andC?Onot seek out or type stingswith a wheel-flairreactionand pain lasting from :, although some people recalledbeing stung 4 or 5 times. One -“ report OE 20 st.in~scould not be confirmedand is considered unlikely. It should be noted that aggressivereactionswere p ~~ . only no~iced when the integrityand safetyof the colony or .,‘ f. No mosquitoeswere collectedthough light traps,natural and artificial nesting stationswere used. Furthermore,interviewsindicatedno one has been bitten by a mosq~]ito.High wj.ndsare the major factor restrictingthe establislmcntof mosqujtopopulations. ~“ Spiders are present throughoutthe atoll’s islets. Specimensof what appears to be the black widow have been collectedby personnelof the MIW though none }~erefounclduring this survey. The only island other venomous spidershave been reportcclfrom or collectedfrom the h. Snakes are not present on IhewetakAtoll. F!usca or house flies and sarcopjhgj~(fleshflie~). In most c~ses the =ing areas are i.nand around waste disposalsites. Populations small and of nuisance\’alue. Some transmissionof enteric-cliseases a. The rodent populationsrequire control of the earliestpossibledate. Baiting with zinc phosphi~e is the most acceptableto tfiiswriter. However prepared with specificguidelineson baiting requirements. . b, Bait stations containi~ zinc phosphidein a formulationacceptableto the rats s}louldbe used. Several prcbaitsshoulclbe testedwithout the presence’of zinc phosphide to determinewhich is the most acceptable to the rats. Upon completionof prcbaitingthe actual zinc phospllide bait should be employed. Each islet should be prebaiteclimmediately k prior to baiting.
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Prebait and bait stationsshould be placed”in the exacti“stiilelocat’io~s.’,“‘‘~:-, Placementof prebait ahd bait should be directlyassociatcdwith ... of tho baiting cycle. Unconsumedbaits shouldbe rctricvedwithin48,1 72,- hours of their placement to limit contactwith non target,organisms.‘, and food Sourcc!s.This combined integratedcontrolshould significantly reclucc,but not eradicatethe rodent population. Continuedsurveillance under the direct supervisionof a professionalentomolo~ist. Thereafter’ number anclsize of the islets selecteclfor control. If control is “’ ~ required for the base canps of Lojwa and Enewetakonly, then ~pproximately’ seven - fourteendays will be requiredutilizingseven pest control personnel and one Entomologist. L Cont~ol on most or all of the islets may requirea minimumof 21 people ““’ (20, 91’s, 1 Entomologist)and a period of 3- 4 weeks. Accessibility ~= to the islets by helicopterwould reduce the time requirements. ., No specificcontrol is required for the wasps. However, certainprecautic are warranted for personnelworking in thick foliage. . . 2) Long sleeves and pants. .. .. 3) NO bright colored or pastel coloredclotliingsuch as reds, yellows, I&sts may be destroyedwith Wasp Kill or similar registeredinsecti. tides as they are located. Personnelknown to be all~rgicto insectvenoms shoulclnot be pennittedto work in risk areas as describccl. .. .-
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“7) While caution is advised .,’ small and not at a level which in anyway is to be considereda .“ .~ to work as a comparativelysmall mm-hsr of insectshave,beensuccess-$i#.ly\ in~roduceclon the atoll. It would be helpful if incomingcargo were,:....1 scale is not requiredfor any animal or insectPest control on any large other than the rodents as