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FACT SHEET ON MANHATTAN ENCINEER DISTRICT Purpose of Study: To determinc excretion rate for p ' i it tnn i * a m in man. Heed : 1) Several thousznd MEn workcrs 2) Accurate in r or mati on needed on retention and excretion of intcrnal plutonium for s ct ting safety criteria. 3) Animal experiments produced conflicting data which could.not be extrapolated to man. Protocol.: Selected hospitalizcd patients in j cc ted with various amounts of so lub lc plutonium. co llcc ted, measured and recorded for plutonium discharge for several weeks n ft cr in j oct ion. Between April, 1945 and July, 1947 (AEC established in January,.1947. One patient injected aft cr that, MED Hospital in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. (1) Strong Memorial Hospital o f the University of Rochester, Rochester, New York. (11) Billings Hospital ofthe University of Chicago, University Hospital of the University o f California, The three university hospitals were associated with MED contractor lah oratories and some staff members held joint appointments at the hospital and the MED
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mbi nation of ago and ,,ealth withB life cxpcctancy from a n existing disease of less than 10 ycars. patients in vol vcd were diiignoseil a s having somc disease which would b c rata1 within a shorter period. Deviation from these criteria occurred. Tn one case, the diagnosis later proved to b c Survival, Time after Inj ect ions :--.~. ..L to diagnosed existing illness. Latcr deaths unre1sl:ed to plutonium exposure [pneurronfa and heart disease). no cvidcncc? to suggest that the plutonium injection influenced the course of the By cur r cnt standards for a body burden (perxi s sib lc amount of plutonium in Scientific References to Stud,:: Passing refercnces to this study have been made i n the scientific literature from time time. Several rc ports on the study wcre written bctwcen 1946 and 1950 by ue ople associated with the study. Many remained classified until about 1969-1971- *'
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Several unclassified reports were published over the years. plutonium: in Industrial ?fedicinc on the Pluto nir ~ nP ro j ect exposures i n man: Health Phys. 1 0 : 3 7 3 - 3 3 9 (1964). plutonirun ir, human feces: J. Bioi. Chen. 172:185-130 (1948). The definitive discussion af the study was in a chapter by Dr. Patricia Durbin entitled "Plutonillrn in ;ifan: A Xew took at the Old Data," which was included in thc book Radiobiology ..h1972 Dr. Patricia Qur h in, who had accumulated data on study for book chapter, explored possibility of folio wing up living In 1973 Dr. Durbin transferred infornation and records to Dr.. .Rwland and the Center for Human Radiobiology (CIIR) at Argonne Nil tian al Laboratory. CTTR arranged for fol lavt up study of three of the four living px ti ents and for exhumation of the body of two deceased patients. C0ngres.s of Radiation Research mceting in Seattle, '974 two papers on folfoiv up were prc ps red for International
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