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Machine-read from the scan, so expect some errors. Lines that couldn’t be read are left out.
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Preliminary outline of a program for the second b’adiobiolo~ical resurvey of Bikini Atoll during the summer of 1948 to be sponsored by the Atomic Prepared by the Applied Fisheries of the Bikini Atoll during the sunmer of 1S4 to further our knowledge of the over-all biolotical~oblems of the effect of the release of energy from atomic bombs above or under water. Biological studies are of necessity long time, complex projects. The Mini time effort can we are so very complicated that only through continuous long hope to understand the basic principles involved. data that needs to be gathered at regular time intervals for re-evaluation of the probkms invclved are grouped as follows: (1) the presence or absence of radiation in the various ~es of marine organisms; (2) the distribution of radiative subst~nces in the marine plants and animals from different geographical locations within t substances in certain tissues and organs. The work of conducting a resurvey of have to be a joint operation between the Navy and representatives of the litomdc . The Navy might be expected to provide the transportation to and from the,, . ..,,, atoll and the facilities for livin~ and working in the area. The Atomic Energy Commission would (1) provide through it s contracts the technical staff to do the field work, (2) gather and analyze the data end (3) write the reports. Special equipment needed to conduct such studies wuld also
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“c”? :General outline of the suggested program of operations To provide samples of as many types of marine plants and animals that are available, five types of collections should be made: A. Collections of marine forms from the intertidal and shallow reef zones from the following 10 locations. Collections would be made by use of rotenone. (1) Northwest tip of Bikini Island, (2) midway between Bikini and Amen Islands on tie reef, (3) Near Uku Island along the inner and outer reef, (4) mar the lagoon side of Namu Island, (5) along the inner andouter reef near Boro Island, (6) lagoon side of Cherry Island, (7) lagoon side of Airy Island, (8) Enyu Island near the channel, (9) lagoon side of Rokar Island, (lo) on the lagoon side of B. Colle&ions of marine forms from the coral heads in 25 to 35 feet ddpths in at least four (4) locations. To make these collections rotenone wnuld be used. Shallow water di~ng gear would be required to place the poison and to collect specimens. Su8gested locations would be (1) along the Bikin&Amen reef, (2) near Namu Island, (3) near Airy Island and (4) between hyu and Bikini Islands. Collections of planktonic material “fromtows made in the ,lagoonin areas end depths. Collections of the pelagic fishes would be made by hook and line fishing in the lagoon and Use of materials the channels between the islands. fishery in target area. collection a set of samples of the vertebrate and invertebrate material should be ashed on trays for future counting and analysis. B. A portion of each collection should be frozen for transfer back to laboratories on the mainland for activitiystudies.
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C. The remainder of the material collected should be preserved in alcohol or formalin and returned to laboratories on the mainland for identification. Types of collection material for samplin~ A. Samples for ashing should consist of one specimen from each of 12 species of fish and 7 plant And invertebrate groups. The fish groups should include parrot fish, siganids, squirrel fish, surgeon fish, ad Wrassec The plant and invertebrate forms should include algae, clams, crabs, coral, sea cucumbers, snails aridsponges: A determined effort should be made to collect at each station some specimens of all of the 19 groups. Specimens other than these should be for the general collection. B. Trolling and long-line samples should also provide barracuda jacks, mackeral, runners, sharks and tuna for sampling. c. Tissues ashed would be of six types: (1) entire organism, (2) liver or digestive gland, (3) viscera or faeces, (4) spleen and orkidney~ (S) muscle and (6) bone hr shell. Numbers of saumles A. The number of ashed samples will be dependent upon thetime and personnel available, but we feel that at least 1000 ashed samples should be collected in B. The material preserved by freezing would provide an additional 2000 or more ashed samples for extensive counting and to the mainland. c. The material preserved by storage in detailed study after the ubturn alcohol and formalin would include representatives of allthe forms used in the field studies.
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A. A total of 10-12 technical staff members would be needed to carry on the field work. This group should be made up of experienced men to take charge of the various phases of the work and direct the work and training of the junior members of the expedition. B. Suggested list of personnel with the special training of each. 4-6 young men in a training capacity. These men should each be a specialist and contribute to the success of the eppedibion as well as gain experience in the field of radiobiolou. c. For optimum functioning of the expedition at least one should be assigned to the radiobiology resur=y. ‘ We would like to suggest either of the following: 2 Bikini Scientific Resurvey, radiobiology 1947 ... ,- D. For field work the personnel would be divided into two ,.’ alternate days each group would collect material in the field and follow through ... with the dissection, weighing, ashing,preserving and packaging on the following day. Season for conducting field work A. The summer season during the months of June and July are best for conducting field work.
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B. Many of the men needed to carry on the field ~,iorkhave other commitments so that they would not be available until the close of the regular sprin~ Univ. term. c. The need for a diversion of both material and ~rsonnel from other operations planned for the spring season would Time needed in the field and for preparations AO The work program has been so scheduled fourteen (14) working days at Bikini. make a June date the most feasible. that it can be accomplished in B. Allowing for time to transport the personnel fmm the mainland to ‘. require at least 30 days time. C. A preparation period of and supplies prior to departing by ship, collect the material and return would one month will be needed to assemble personnel from the mainland. Il. Analysis of the data obtained will require the services of’laboratories on the mainland and an extended period of time. Material and equipment needed for the field work. To be provided by the ~~av ,, A. One major ship, such as, an LSM or equivalen, to transport personnel and equipment from Kwajalein to Bikini and return. The ship would also furnish living facilities and laboratory facilities in the field. B. Two or more boats for use in the lagoon --= c. One boat, L.C.V.P. or equivalent, equipped motor launchs, L.C.P.LIS or for shallow water diving. With one or more master divers in attendance. D. One or more Sj.X to ei~ht-man air rescue type rubber life rafts for landing collecting parties on the reefs and islands. E. One freezing unit, such as a walk-in type of refrigerator for use in preserving collections in a frozen condition until they reach can be distributed for analysis. the mainland and
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material needed for field mork to be provided by the contractor for the Atomic Energy Cohesion A. Equipment for collecting ~terial, such as nets, bags, spears~ B. Equipment for weighing~ dissecting and ashing of samples, such as, Scales, C. Rotenone and other material used to colleot fishes. modification will beneeded to the basic contract V?-28-094-eng-33to the travel, expense, insurance, ete. further modification of the contract W-28-094-eng-33 must be made the time during which the contract is activesupplement to the basic contract increasing the amount of money should be executed. AS near as we outline will be of can determine the field trip as described in this preliminary a out the same scope as the one conducted in 1947 when the US DOE ARCHIVES