A Preliminary Report of () Dakota (Redwing Operation) (Deleted)

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Project 6.3 - Effectsof AtomicExplosioIIon the Ionosphere. . l s Project 6.4 - Determinationof Characteristicsof Airborne

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This is a pre15mir.aryreport,and therefore,does not give eithercompleteor finalresultsof the work of the variousprojects. NO informationon the constructionof the deviceis includedt in orderthat the classificationmay be kept to SecretRestricted

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16,099feet at 260530 kcal: 3/8 cumduss tases 2)OIXIfeet,tops 6,000 conditionsover target and in all quadrantsat shot time~ LagooriSide; Xave height less than 1 foot.

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Eight wave measuringstationsin Bikinilagoon~elded useful data. Four of these stationswere the shore recordingtype and the remaining four were the open lagoontype station. Two long periodwave recorders at lhiwetokand Ailinginaeparticipatedin this event,and the data appears to be of good quality. The Eniwetoklagoon stationwas runningfor this event. Examinationof the recorddoes not revealthe presenceof wave actionresultingfrom Wave heightsobservedat two shore installationsin Bikini lagoon are given below: Max. trough -3.4 feet Max. period 110 seconds Max. crest + 1.5 feet Max. period 96 seconds “An inundationsurveywas conductedfollowingthe shot. Therewas minor up rush along all shoresexceptthe Yurochi- Aomoenarea. In this area it is difficultto distinguishbetweenblast and water wave damage. A detailedstudyat a later date of photographsof this area shouldhelp distinguishbetweenthe two.

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To collectand evaluatedata relatingto radiationdose rate vs time in radioactive cloudsfrom thermonuclearweapons. To measureand evaluatethe radiationhazardsassociatedwith the residualcontaminationon aircraftwhich have flown throughthermonuclear clouds at early times afterdetonation. To measurethe turbulencein a thermonuclearcloudat earlytimes Radiationdose rate insidethe cloudvs time after detonation~ The extentand qualityof the residualcent-tion on the aircraft after landing. There was no changein instrumentationfrom previousshots. The contaminationstudieswere conductedin the same manneras before. Four B-57 aircraftpenetratedthe cloud. A fifthB-57 was in the air as a standbypenetrationaircraftin the event of an abortedmission by one of the primaryaircraft. utes. The altitudeslistedare indicatedaltitudes. AU penetrations were made from north to south.

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hse rates in the mushroomportionof the cloudwere exactlyas predicted. Dose rates in the stem of the cloudbelow the mushroanwere a factorof ten below rate was recordedby in the cloudlt the timesof at an altitudeof 50,000feet at #+1 minutes. The averagedose rate in the cloudwhich this aircraftexperiencedwas about 150 @r* ne the h the cloudwas about3 minutes,gitinga dose of 7.5 to the Pilottile in the cloudand 1.3 R on the returnflight. The contaminationfactor on the drplane was computedto be 0.5 per cent/minutein the cloud. The total dose recordedby a Rad-Safefilm badge was 7590 mr. The durationof the penetrationMde at 45,000feet was two fiutes and 50 seconds. It began at }38 minutes. The averagedose ratein the cloudwas about 75 R/Hr,yieldinga total dose in the cloudof about3 R. The contaminationfactoron the aircraftwas computedtobe 0.6%/~ute in the cloud. This correspondedto a come home dose of about0.5 R. The total doee recordedby a Rad~afe film badge was 2230 mr. The dosagesreceivedby the two aircraftwhich penetratedat 35sOO0 feet and 40,000feet were quite low. The totalmissiondosewas 150 and 260 mr respectively.Theseaircraftwere in the radiationfieldof the cloudfor from 60 to 180 seconds. .;+. . was noted that the dose rate was lower in the etem the mushroomby a factorof at leastten. The pilotsreportednone to slightturbulencein of the cloudthan the cloud. The only

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mentionwas made by the pilotwho penetratedat 50$~ feet. He reported slightturbulenceupon first enteringthe cloud$but none thereThe tits presentedin the foregoingparagraphsis sumarized in the The spareaircraftmeasuredthe maxkumdlmension of the cloud with Prelimina~ analysisof the contaminationstudyindicatesthat the resultswill agreewith those of OperationTEAPOT. More detailedinformationon the contaminationstudytill be presentedin the interimtest

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The E-47 was flyirigat arrival it was right aileron te5t ~ne~ ~intc~ with 1.0 absorptivity black paint. A

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right elevator painted entirely black. These surfaces recefved micor buckling and the paint xas bll.stere5. In ~omc c~~es, the paint had been imately 30 elevator channels mczsurfnc strain. Two elevator thermoc~uples

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The ob$ectiveof this test was to determinethe deliverycapability wing and tail deflection,cloud coverage,and fireballrise and growth.

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The Peak Ovemressure: Measuredon the left side of the fuselageat B.S. 340 was DEUT@ the total Instrumentationwas operativedurin&~l’~AKOl’A). A thoroughInspectionand functionaltest revealedthat the flaps were not damagedduringthe test.

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objectiveof this test was to measurethe gust and theron the L.H. Wng, 16 straingages at 1 stationand 6 T.C, at 2 stations at 1 stationon the R.H. horizontalstabilizer,3 straingages at 1 station and 9 T.C. at 3 stationson the L.H. elevator,2 straingagesat 1 station and 6 T.C. at 1 stationon the R.H. elevator,32 T.C. at 10 stationson the wing and tail 2 radiometersin the tail, togethertith6 cameras, 5 CdOI’_ radiometertogetherwith 6 camerasin the fuselagebelw, deflectioncameras,32 basic flightinstrumentson a photo Using a combinationof the K-5 Radar System the B-66was positionedatan altitudeof 16,000 of 12p and a horizontalrangeof 13,100feet at feet, on a true headhg time sero. At time of same headingand at the samealtitudeas before. The groundspeedbetween time zero and shock arrivalpositionwas 772 ft./see.

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a total temperatureof for the elevator. This is calculatedrestrictionsfor TAC use of the B46 and resultedin permanent bucklesin the elevatorskin. Specialabsorptivitypaintwas used to increasethe temperaturerise in these the nose radomewasm with itls gust loadingat time of shock arrival was -“d Of the 295 total data recording channelsj 94%were operable. The thermalenergyfield caused @!T@

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The objectiveof this test was to measurethe effecteof a nuclear detonationon an in-flightB-57B aircraftweaponssystem. Out of 240 channelsbeing recorded,1.4data channelswere lost for various reasons. They have been repairedor replacedby spares. an absolutealtitudeof 1$,050feet, og a see). Aircraftpositionat time of shockarrival (Ht34.9 see) -s 43,630 Total gust load at time of shock arrivalwas J-’ lallow-

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Waiter (CapabilitiesF-84P)- This participationwas an detemine the capabilityof the F-84P aircraftby subjecting thermaland symmetricblast loads. it to both to studythe dynamicresponseof fighterstructuresto anti-symmetric+ Waiter - 100 data channelswere availableto recordmoment,shears and aircraftattitude. All of the channelswere successfullyrecorded. Barley- Out of the 100 channelsavailableto record essentially the same informationas above,therewere 5 channelsthat failed. k addition,the two fireball cameraswere inoperative. Waiter - At time zero,the aircraftwas fl@ng at an altitudeof and zero offset. The shockwriml position DELETED Barley - At time zero, the aircraftwas f- at an altitudeof ~ The horizontalrange and offset

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3- temperaturerise in the gray test panelin the Gust - Not availableat this time. Flap - The paint Stabilator- Damageto the gray test panel of the stabilatoruas comparableto that receivedin the flap.

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that this particularfastener F3re Extinmi sher Access Doors The red rubberseal betweenthe wing and fuselageon the tight side was DELETm The seal was paintedwhite but the paintwas in poor The blue insigniapaint on the under side of both uings til

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The aluminumpaint lJEliEs There was no unbendingof the The only apparentdamage @Q 9% They broke away from the panelwhen the panel unbendedand thus did not recordafterthat time. Of the 49 oscillographrecordedparameters~45 producedusabledata. One of the calorimetersmoved too quicklyand its trace went out of focus.

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Two thermocouplesmalfunctioned;One shorted out and the other became unpeened. One acceleraeterdeveloped an open bridge. The #intoPels about 53% for shearand bending and about 62% for torque~ The highesttemperaturerise to date were recordedon this shot. A AT of aboutd s experiencedon the unpaintedhoneycombof the wing. The stabilatorhoneycombexperienceda AT of about The. couples in the black panel DEIiET~ The final film badge readingshave not been receivedas of this date. There was no indicationof any dosageon the pilot$sdosimeter. The participationwas consideredhighlysuccessfulby this project. It producedour best thermaldata of the operation. The contentsof this post shot reportare prelimina~, tentative and approximate.They are subjectto changependingfurtherevaluationof the data collected. They were reportedat this time to provideearlytest resultsto those concernedwith effectsof nuclearweapons.

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The objectiveof Project5.7 participation obtainthermalflux and albedo informationof a on this shot was to nuclear detonation with back-scattere~ thermal radiatim. The twenty one basic thermalinstruments possessed various fields of view an~ were .witahly filtered to obtain

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qualitative spectral dist.ritutioninformation. All channels uere in the B-47 which were recordedon magnetictape. The cameraswere equippe~with red an~ blue filtersto obtaininformation at each end of Several cameras were equipped with continuous spectra In the visible Froject5.7 on this ev%~t. Thirty three of these were airborne in four The degree of success cf the l!?-52~~ will net be known until the film is returne~from Hawaii. A reporton the operatfonof the two camerasin the Chieeretephoto tower has not as yet been received. Best estimte, at present,is that thirty three mgazines should have obtained records suitable ~,$j, Verification of this estimate is not possibleuntil these

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To utilizethe electromagneticsignaloriginatingfrom nuclearweapon detonationsto determineground zero of detonation. Secondarilyto obtti the @eld data that is availablein the bomb pulse. &cation of GroundZero is made by use of an inverseIaranprinciple. exacttime the bomb pulse is receivedat variousstationsis r~orded. exact time differencein receiptof the electromagneticpulsebetween stationswill be used to determinea hyperboliccurvewhich runs through ground zero. The point of intersection There are two systems. One of the of two or more curves determines systemsis lmown as the long base line systemand the other,the shortbase line system. Each systemhas two sets of stations. The long base line has one set of stationslocated in the HawaiianIslands(Midway,Pa-a and Maui) with synchronizingantenna stationat Haiku,Maui, and the other set of stationsin the States (Harlingen,Texas; Blytheville, Arkansas; Kinross, Michigan and Rome, New York) with synchronizing antenna station at Cape Fear,North Carolina. The short base lines have one set of stations locatedin the Hawaiianarea (Kona, Maui) the other set in California(~tt-

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Hawaii- All stationsin the Kona net receivedand recordedthe wave form of the electromagneticpulse emanatingfrom bomb detonation. Iine torily. IAne of positionerror 8.5 nauticalmiles. Y~ field strength Long Base Line Hawaii-Midway did not receivecorrecttime but all other station in Lahainaoperatedsatisfactorily.Line of positionerrorwas 3035 yards. Stateside- All stationsin the Harlingennet receivedand recorded form of the electromagneticpulseemanatingfrom the bomb detonation. The abovepositionerrorsmay changeconsiderablyduringfurther examinationof the data.

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The objectiveof Project6.3 is to obtaindata on the effectsofD+ D-nuclear explosionson the Ionosphere. %incipallys to investigatethe area of absorption,probablydue to the high altituderadioactiveparticles, and to studythe effectof orientationrelativeto the earth$smagnetic field on F2 layer effects. ion, installedin 6 ton trailervans, one locatedat RongerikAtolland one locatedat Kussdein the CarolineIslands. All stationsoperatedsuccessfullyduringthis test. — ed region. However was experiencedwhen the aircraftwas insidethe absorbthis regionof absorptionwas not as largeas for the Also the disturbanceto the Ionosphereecho shapewas comparison. Abnormalechoeslastedless than forty Kusaie: The same effectoccurredin the F regionas was observed

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Antennasand Photo Tubes for Yield Determination at lktendTo determinethe effectivenessof flush mountedairborneantemas and To determinethe temporaland amplitudecharacteristicsof the low To determinethe temporaland intensitycharacteristicsof visible To detemine the effectsof ambientconditionsupon the satisfactory measurementof the parametersspecifiedin items 1 and 2 fiducialantennas 2 scope cameras 2 DuMontScopes (1 a dual beam, 1 a singlebeam) Signalis receivedby antennafed throughan amplifierand the scope. The uignal ectlyto the recorder. for use in correlation The sequencecameraphotographsthe blast directly of pretiousdata. Distancewas approximately92

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Signalwas receivedby one antennaonly. Photography-s taken. Antennaswere swappedfrom their previouspositionindicatingthat antennasand amplifierswork satisfactoryand trouble13es in the scope (333 dual-hem). Photoheaddata was recordedon both channels.

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~oject 6.5 - Analysis of Electromagnetic Pulse Produced by Nuclear The objectiveof Project6.5 is to obtainwavefomnsof the elect magneticradiationfor all the detonationsduringOperationREDWING. This data is to be used in comection with a continuingstudyrelati the waveformparametersto the heightand @eld of the detonation. Two identicalstationsare usedto recorddata, one at Eniwetoka one at Kwajalein. outputsconnectedto each of the three for recordingthe transientdi Positive results were recorded on all three oscilloscopes a this station. The predicted field strength was DELETED 1the measuredfield strengthwas DEIJ2T~ The data gives a complete signal and shouldgive the desiredinformationwhen analyze Positiveresultswere recordedon two oscilloscopesat this station. The third oscilloscopewas tioperativedue to tube failurea a replacementwas not availableat Kwajalein. The film processedbut preliminaryexaminationindicatesa field has not been

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ThreeRB-50 Aircraft,Carter1, 2, and 3, participatedon this event. Positioningat H Hour was as follows: Carter1, ~ Nautical Miles East of GZ at 20,0(X)feet; Carter 2, ~ Nautical Mfles South of ter 1 had an unrestrictedview of the detonationand Two photo runs of15 minuteseach were made with all withoutmalfunction. Carter2 in the South Quadrant rise of the cloudup to 35,000feet where the still risingcloudfused into a high cirruslayer. A second15 minuteleg was flown at 25,000 feet. Measurableresultson this leg are probablyneg~gible. All camerasfunctionedwith the exceptionof the lb ColorGSAP which had a film jam at plus 15 seconds. being blockedby a cirruslayer and a half 15 minutephuto air crewsreportedan extremerapid rate of rise with the to lose itsidentityat about plus 30 tiutes.

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The total hydrodynamicmeld of them (DAKOTA)h= been determined on the basis of diameter-timedata from three Ws- fi-, 36326 In additionto the three films noted above,an Eastmanfilm 36329 (Chieerete)was also providedby E.G.&G.but was omittedfrom the yield calculationsdue to the somewhatinferiorqualityof the photographicimage. Furthermore,it was thoughtdesirableto applya proximitycorrection to the Aomoenfilmswhich reducedthe measureddiametersby about 0~4%. This correctionimprovedthe consistencyof yield -ng the three films, so that the resultantmaximumscatterwas only about~ 2% to - 1%. The consistencyof fieldwithin each film was also good; film 36326 varied + 1% film 36327 showeda scatterof aboutabout a mean yieldby about - ,

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From these data, a sound speedof U46.3 fps was calmlated. + The results of the time-of-arrival calculation are presented in Table

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Nine Urcraft equipped as describedin the largelyobscuredthe bomb cloud at most altitudesin which samplingaircraftwere operating. Wind shears were not particularly favorablefor The cloudrose throughthe cirruslayer at 37,000 to ksamfeet where it was completelyobscuredand was almostimpossibleto see above that leveldue to haze and condensationof naturalcloudsaroundthe b~ cloud. Only a very small tail extendedbelow the cirrusat 37,~ ft~ Cloudcolorwas very light, clouds. The upperumbrella from Bikinito Muetok and which increasedthe confusionwith natural of the cloud extendedback almostall the way My estimatedthe mmdmum cloudheightat 62,000 ft. plus or minus 2,0C0

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Red 1 was directedinto the small portionof the overcastat 35,000 ft. and Red 2 was directed to go in blind at ft. at the estimatedpcmitlonof the cloudat that level. Red 1 -O abl to collectama$or portionof his by a factorof three. HotshotII ing for II~s asaignedaltitudeat the Tiger Spare aircraft to come assignedsample,while Red 2 was low 48,000ft. and a call sent to base for out and take over the 42,000ft level. was able to collectabout 2/3 the desiredsample,but the Tig in samplesizeby a factorof thirty. HotshotIII was able to collectthe desiredsamplein the light and variablelayerat 51,000ft HotshotIV abortedand Cassidyendeavoredto make up for both HotshotII and IV by startingat the easternborder of the cloud at ~,000 ft. and workingwest and up for about250 miles, emergingat 5Z,000ft. near the landingfield on Eniwetok,very low on fuel. Cassidycollecteda sampl size equivalentto both HotshotII and IVIS assignments;at, of course,

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To reprcduce this page use JDO Lag # RCE-Z%?Y, which is a Dakota fireball negative, together with a photo mat layout showing classification top and bottom, Figure ~ and page #. Graphic Arts can make a composite neg.

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To reproduce this page see instruction for :age 58, using JDO Log # RCE-2900, Dakota fireball negative.

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To reproduce this page see instruction for page 58, using JDO Log # RcE-2898, Dakota Cloud negative

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To reproduce this page see instruction for page 58, using JDO Log # RCE-2897, Dakota Cloud negative.

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For ~poses of intercomparison all results obtained by Project 18.3 are presented and discussed in the Navajo report rographs which were of instrumentation is also included. out of line because of a mechanical defect.

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The purpose of this of the atmosphere. ‘llzis the arrivaltimes of the project was to measure winds in ozone layer was accomplished by measuring at several sites shockwave reflected from the ozone layer. Four siteswere operated: Uselang,Wotho,Rongerik,and Eniwetok. At each site two stationswere operatedabout one mile apart. The difference in arrivaltimes gives the angleof incidenceof the shockand information from severalstationsmay be combinedto give …