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The basso ,meat18 of protection f r o m radWfon-pocket chambers, flu meters and mmeys-have been carried forward diligently. The pocket chamber service seems t o have leveled off 88 a fairly well defined muthe matter at Least in this weather. In the daily rSaalw of chambers those which read 0 . b o r more for two consccutivo daya are reglaced m l e s s there is 8 sear indication of cause. &hays \&en one is dischargeit for trm consecutive days a substitution i’s made for it. Pocket ohambers thus collected are tested and arc withdrawn from weof they have a daily leek of more tihan 10 milliroentgens per d ~ y . During the mnth 36 were returned t o the Victoreen Instrument Company f o r repairs. M o s t of them had exaebsive ledks but apgoximately one third had leaked- - capsr a too oonxnon fault, apd two had broken bakelite walla. Spreading of the &emists into larger quarters at In@eDide mado it neuest3ary t o provide new storage centers f o r chambers during non-sJoMng, hows. Requests for a4dItional ohambers have bem made by g o q m at Ingleslde and Argome. It has not been px sib la to 8qqAy these dermarrds. loo new chambers on order and expeaeed early in December ahould give an adeqmte stlpply at least temporarily. It is not mlikely that enoZhex 100 will be needed i n the near fut-me. The weekly rcadir4 of film meters @vas an indication of t h e accumulated emoutre over that period and prcvides an especially usel’ul check on the larger exposu9es as the film is only moderatel;. sensitive. It appears now that the long hoped f o r improvement in film metering will be accomplished oext month. Atm per a ture controlled General Qectric Impem develop- -tar& is Zeing installed. new badge is tentatively promiaed for mid-Deccjbest. Fi iu tests at long last are all but coqleted. The badgo will contaln ti,Qfilms t o record with reasonable a ccw cy emp awes of a small fraction of a of the characteristics 02 +;he1att.m filii a m shown i n Eigure 1. The maifold r csu lts on f3lr; netex%- zra t o be presented ina special report pmbsbly af’ter it kiss 5zen gossible t o check them mder t h e more favora5J.e conditivnls provided bj ths facilities n m being acquired. Delivery of the The other will be wediu casts 02 large exposures. Some Sone atteiltion has bsen giren t o -,he measurment o f b radiation Parker’s regcrt CE-930 gives a good swcy. ordinmy Lamitsen can be used t o detqct‘regiona of danger. better if tho ;mil is thin tLlOmg/’c;a.’) but the usmi wall thickness means that: the If 5s felt that xorkers a_re not as cognizant of the The Cqer ixheres in the Snsida %he ranga t h e dcscs cart be v e ~ jlarge, An ray s emit iv it g ?ids t o be m - G tip lio d by a factor of
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!the report of the Biological Research Seotion i a organized thie month in such a mgr as t o give an integrated picture of the cooperative pmgrarm of the entire section. Isotopes and of methods of administration of duats and gases is relatively high, while with external radiation more time is devoted t o the biological effects. Marked blood changes occur in rabbits after e ingle doses of 100 r. loss of La F3 precipitate from the luags is ntuch.faster than its radioautive decay. Data on Xenon extraction f.1.nn bombarded U3pa justia at eat at Clinton. The times devoted t o development of sources of radioactive by Victoreen meter. goldfish given single massive dosss at 40 r/min., divided dosks a t U.5 r/mia. 200 W. P; 15 ma; 0.5 m Cu, 1 mmAl. a tens i ties IllonLtored Beam for rabbits, guinea pigs, rats and chicks gives Administration: Pdbbita were irradiated In paira in cellulose acetate boxes centered inthe hort-zatal bean. at intervals during the expome t o equalize the dose through the bo& of the with ceLluloso acetate partitions and perforated cellulose acetate covers. Five Trice viers placed in oach box and six boxes in t h e bean. -Boxes were centered is +&e vertical beam and positions changed h A . n g the axposure t o equalize the collulose acetate boxes cantered in the horizontal beam. Salamanders were placed in the boxes used for the nice and centered in th0 vortical beam. The gosition of the animala was & wad mce ware irradiated in groups of thirty i n wodan slide boxes fitted Zats, guinea pigs and chickeno mre irradiated in spocielly designed Goldfish were rem'ced from the stock tank ma Irradiated in a =.at plastic dish in 2 - 3 QU. of water. This amount of handling h m e d %e fhh. To mcid handling, the goldfish were isolated i n lots of fifteen in Wire meah enclosures in the stock t&. fzom the water, A plastic dish TEAS placed beneath the mesh, and In this way the fish were never removed Technio_uss are no71 3oirg developed for the irrzdiation of Isrge numbers of mature fruit flies. Mstribation: Intmsity measurments a e mcde with ?ictoreea chmbers - bean as used in animal imaG.ia'c,ion. i n mpty boxes at the position o f the center of 'the animals and -.?itin t h e same oxpeTi;.lents except fer one series cf rabbits with lyn?k Eodes tx m planted to the Total 3oCy midiation 31m used in all
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-Ratc3. !here have Soen 130 significeat changes in the X-rw survival curve since the last report. levels and after 13 &sea at the lo:ver levels, all are alive except a sbglc rat at tha 100 r level. All doses above 200 r have killed more than fjO$ of t5e It is planned to. cmpleto t h i s curve wit'n about AG px-esant, zbou%half this number have been treatedo Rcts are aow being cxposea to daily doses (6 days a week) of 200 r, .!After six doses st the 2CO r and 150 r marily in mphocytes), rmerszl cf er-ar to non-gramlaz leucocyte ratio, ckop in h mob in and degeneration ir; 126 ca? &ita ceds xers noted. is being made to develop a aore reliable inet'nod for the sl;udy of 'iiae blcod c e i l The sun iv d. curve does not have the us;al fom and is being h vest l - Chickens: blood and bone mz.w-,t. Blood of yotag birds mceiving h decrease in n m ' x r of guts ce Ys (pri-
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1. Sourcecl: Fast neutrons: Chicago cyclotron, deuterons on Be probe; 2, Adniniatration: Eabbito were irradiated in pairs in two lead houses. Neutron intensity in &use A is perpondicultk t o the axis of L e grobe, yoke o f the wet and tarigential to the neutron field. lea6 are used t o reduce the gauuua intensity. chemged in psi tion at intervals to eqcalixe the dosage, flou~eB i a pxrrallel to the mithin each house rabbit3 are During the past month blocks of' coaduoting plastic have been prepared and aent t o Clinton for use by boP eer. &. Vollha's goup have coastructed chcnnbers of graphite and of the a p e c i d plastic and these have been canpared t o our standardized Victorsen chambers in bo$h t h e X-ray and the fast neutron beans. Elr, Candsvek and ET. Jumey of MstriSution. Neutrons are. w ni to red during the expommes with Viatoreen chmbera placed between two rabbit 'boxes. The chambers hava been calibrated with a 100 r chamber used at the University of California, One mit indicated 'j. Effects: Fast neutmns. Rsbbit survival, Zleven rabbit3 h a m now received doses of fast neutrans above 125 n. be listed as sui iT or s. the latent period. Of these two have died and five nqy Slood data are bei-.rE; collected on these an3xaLs. XI. Radioactiss isctopea
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Effects: A.L1 mice receiving Xa2k t o the eirtmt of 0.95 mC or more (ca, 706-, none receiving 0,47 mC died but atethis level uteight losses m d reduced white c sll counts riers noted. Tissues are being studied histologfpuree: Samples of & Mere obtained Sram the cyclotron bY a ( d : p) Separatian of radioactive isotopes frorn S t , Louia banbarded'metal vas The first of the flow diagram (p'9g. 5 ) give0 the treatment used on one sample (S-17UNH) to obtain each of the fractions nith which t7e were provided. we have used on one of these fractions (S-17 - HE). cipitation of SS and Ba fmi another 3 ~ m p l e(S-18-€IF) w m attempted without re= moval of EI?? by roasting. that can be expected f r o m St. Louis UI\EL removal tron UNEI is very satisfactory; the preparations seem t o be free from U. lbrther research shocld establish the ~pti.JmnnFb concentration, hi aest yield, * essential reageat purity, etc. The present Dethods for separation of Ba fmin Sr m e not satis facto q, and time rnwt be cievotad to inrpmving theoe methcds. The specific activity should be as good as that in the At present, 8 nC of this are going through final n i t r i c Thio is probably the highest Wecffic activity V?ork is in progress on Ce f r o n S-l?-La F B e content of inactiva Ce is probably t o o high f o r radio-toxicity vrork but3& sample can be used in
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The acd ation was geater from pond vater con$ai cia (30 41) less Sr@ was ac dated than from pond nater containing low Sources: Lantharmm fluoride precipitate obtained in purification of St. Louis cgclotmn material was finely ground i n arnechanical mortar t o p~iptides of average its actfvitg waa due me specific activity was 0.6 in c 2er p. placed i n a glass tube as ahom in Fige 7, and a dust cloud created by &oWb% d r y air through the powder whila vibr3ting the tube with an elect-e-k, was collected as it left the chamber nems 02 an electric precipitatoranimals were dusted f o r 4.17 fiours with an air flov of 2.95 li/miily dusting the enimals :.rere returned to their cages ard sacrificed a t zegular intervals for ash- ad for his to logical exmination. Since the material was several months old t o 330 day Ru aad 340 Ce and their daughters. Administration: Xfteen rats aere placed in a closed 2 cu. ft. chzmberi. Bineljr gromd Lawas Ru and Ce) h m e been foE.Oi7~dfor over seven seekse of activity in the 1Uag.i and gastro-intestinal tract, with a mall cimow% ,Ihn the nasal passagss, Act id ty f~anthe intestine is lost within a few deys and thereafter the >.mgs a r e the imjor sit3 of mdioactivitj, al'chagh &uta %racesof ectivity a m found ixt lirrsz, Icibey m d bornInitially <hem a m large a ~ m ~ uts Liver m dki bq sham no edti7ity.
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B. Sources: Ruthenimn tetroxide. I n anticipation of this vol at il e-material becamim? available fra Site X, it is necessary to bow the enounts of on Ru04 tozicity a r e of a dubious nature, it is desirable t o do same VJOYAK on seusi.tPive quantitative test for h which depends upon the catalytic effect on A% present, vre have begun the devolopent of a Xenon. The experimmta rqorted lost month on the dififusion of Xe from Up8 hme been contimcd to de te mie the conditions under which sufficient 8mM111ts of d - 3 5 can be released f r o m fino* ground u308 placed in The e~szz!2nen%alp mc eh re has been described in CX-lOOg. The release of Xe from i e r a vexy sensitive function t o the temperature as is shorn in Figure 9. A t short times the fraction of the gas which has diffused out is proportional t o the square m o t of the time of heating t. diffision ooefficiant, D, is then t o be determined for spherical particles of radius, a, from the solution of tha differantidl equation,
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If q is the rate of release from the surface by diffusion me calculated PabX3 of q/ for the observed and for interpolated tangoratures are gives in Figure 10. 9%should b e poasible t o maintain the oxide at 800 - 85OOC and so recover 50 percent 02 gas produced, Under t s s conditiou it appears practical t o obtain sufficient gas for most of the proposed e?cperimektal work. N. Progmmt for the comincj: month production and recovery of XEI Dusts and geses Injection and e qo sure of mimals and fieh Analyses of F.P. and other isotopes in animals and fish survival f o r Xn, and active isotope eqosuros
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I,, 0, Jacobsor, &De, Acting Section Chief Pigment metabolfspl and liver fmction studies are in progress on dogs T&O have been receiving ttiballog by mouth or by iuhalation. S i n i l s r sttldiss on one huinm subject af%ert o t a l . body irradiation is in progress. A ajstam of notification and suggested grocsdure for persons1 in whom physical or labora$org abilomelitiss a r e found dxriqg pre-em~lo~pent' examination or at subseqvent ezi&n,2tion f~ preserlted, A description of the liaison committeef s fmction is described. The survey and raaom.ezdations re the tubdlag dust hazard in Rocm One pbjsical abnormality tliowt to be occupation2l is di3cusec?, No laboratory a hod i ties attri5lutable to the mrk hazard ham bser noted in the past mnth.
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Dmiq ?he DGnth, a syzten was a& q~f or notification of gersona vho have illnesses or other ebnom-eiities found on the pre-mplzqflen* examimtion, or s a - saqtron-tly, but; insofar as It c ~ .rsasonzbly be detemined, not arising from their m ~ k . It is rimed to divide the notifications to three classes: Persolis :tbohav~abnomalitiesxhich, it is felt, impair o r will iml;'aiz their usefuhess tcs the laboratonj. Persons -&o have abnormalities ivhich m y be confused with those arising fron emosure t o special naterials in the laboratory (anemia, alterations the incliaiduzls emploTpent by the project, or wrking in the luboratoz: xhere SQostrre dght occur,, The i a a i vid - d s in Chases1 and 2 .5:511be notiffed of the findings, adm qi esta d to see B physic lz n for acMC6 to be filed in the Eeelth Mvislcn's off'co (32i Eckhart) xi thin a -t kea xeek pe-irioc after the dste of the letter, not com2iied ;~Ltl=,P!zhor action tall be considerea, In mzy instances: the a'ono-malitp existed prior to The cost of the examinctions will be borne If these request; t?rc
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I n the fcture, the ac'civitizs of this Group 7;hich appear t o be of generd interest, will be included in the nonthly regort. hi& concentrations of tuballoy d u t …
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