Operation Castle, a Very Preliminary Report of the Results of the () Event (Partial) (Deleted)

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.- It repnsented the Los Almos Scientific La?mrat-oqCs attmipt at’ just south of Y’Jrochi of the Castle operation the detice w- b on Bikim!.Atoll at the sane zero position delays in the Castle operation led to the of mki.ng re%iy to fire -“ at Eniwetok in oxdsr to be able to,accept SO= b~ather that would not be acceptable for firing at Bfifi. Hoxmer, . by the t~= the plan was carried out, wather conditions had cbmg~d, ad the~device sat h place just two daye less than a month before

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, The follodng project mporta, though soamhat late, are 8till to h considered prellmhary. The reader Is mfermd to the final.reports of Usuho actually put the reports together, Jamss Carrel;”Jerry Purdum and Frank .,’

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Blast Fhencmena by Surface Photography. ~ . Undematcr Pxessure m The ....l.. Dynamic Pressure Investigation .....0 Chmicd, P@iod ti RtiiMMtid Anmti of Grti SERVICE EQUIFl~ AND OFERATIOX Test of Interti IEDA Proced~es Blast$ Gust and Thermal Effects * ‘&P_ not received Iy publication ttio for High Yield Weapom e

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6.6 Effects of Nuclear Detonntione on the LONG RANGE DETEZTION 7.1 Eh ctromgnetic Radiation Calibration 7.2 Wt-ection of Airborne Lav4@quency Souxl from Atmie 11.1 Analysle for Fhaion and Fusion 13.1 mll of Fire Photography

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15.1 Teller and Scintillation Alpk l . . Weather at Eniwetak Ato~ at Shot Time. .......0 119

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1 Stations 76 and ?7 had ffi. destroyed. Total exposures will be 2 Station 78 film recovered lying on ground.

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The objectives of this project include tb CollectIon of fti-out samples for the documntition of physical characteristics as a fiction one titermittent fall-out co~ector was placed on the Project 6.5 barge anchored near the reef southwest of 130gallua and on each Of the to sample at 30 minute intervals for a total time of 12 hours. A =cOnd I.nstrumnt} set for 5 minute internals for a total tin-nof 2 hews was located on Ruchi and Bogon. sed the stations; the delay 26 minutes at Rigili. All lnstrmfis were set to begin sa.mplhg ranged from S minutes at Ruchi and Bogon to 3ecoveryma carried out on the afternoon of 15 Hay 19% The collectors operated at Eogalluaj Bogonbogo$ Engebi, Bokonaara;pu, ad Aitsu. TM battery conparti=nts of the stations on Ruchi and Ibgm turnedby a watir wave. The blueboxes did not trigger at the Biijtii and only fall-out of veqy low actifity x= collectid by the stations ~ich operatid. All samples =re shipp?d h ACC fur analyeti.

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nuclidcs uithti fall-out p~icles and to detitine some wre set up on the Only the collectir on * The phototi=r station failed to operati because of a cticut faflm. tha other atatlo~, only Engebi gave a sufficient sample to mrk with- In addition, a sofl s=p~e was obtained from Bog~w. Data have not been received fmm the test sfti.

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To test under field conditions current IBM proced~s for high field Three B-50 aircraft equipped with standard APQ-24 radar and “O-15 rti scope camras were positioned relative to ~ound zero as shown in T~M\ t camra recorti one stop pictm eveg 1.25 bombtig radar equipmnt. The Aircraft Indicatid Bear@g from Xorizontd. Code Nam Altitude Ground Zero ~ientatiOn %dti-s 3 ~,~ 225 27 Side to GZ Side to (32 ‘4T%e SAC participation + -~a successful. Good SCOP photis of

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The objectives of this project wxw to determine relative cantanxlnation and decontamlnabflity of outsitieconztructicn surfaces exposed to fall-out ~ ft aq panels ofuidely used exterior construction surfaces was ,muntid at normal orientations on the barge anchorsd at Station station would be In the fall-out area follo.tingthe shot. ta Farry Islmd eighteen hurs af+tir the d~tmation.

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The initial intensity levels of the pamls wem very low a9 the fall-out on the barge by other projects =re also very low In remaining afbr decont=hation by vigorous mthoda Mae very high and varied The two nest u9eful methods of decontamination, hosing and scrubbing, wem applied to the panels. No further effort w= ~actical, because the residual contti~ation after application of th%:e mthods was very lows due * The conta-dr.ation resulting from this detonation is of a xmng the constructi~n surfaces in regard to initial

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As disrzaesedin preliminary reports for probability of collectirw aatisfactozy cloud previous Castle shote, the samples by mann of manned aircraft in, to a very large extent, dependent upon how well the d~c~ and samphg &raft can mahtdn visual contact with the bomb cloud. It is, perhaps, fortunat.ethat ueathr dtificulttea f orseen as early an did not actually arise until the hat shot of the Castle . situation between ~,000 ax! LS,~ feet and acceptable cloud cover were predicted for shot day. Although -an 8/8 cirme layer was also predictad, no trouble waa anticipabd because this layer was predicted b lie between 39,000 and 41,000 feet, ard it was proba~e that the director and S=IPI% aircraft could climb above the cirrus cover and malntah visnd contact With at least the upper portion of th cloud if not with the portions at the actu~ sampling altitudes. With such a ~isual reference, s =w~~g can be carried out in a satisfactory manner. The weather conditions, hotiever, uarsened considerably during the ‘~ established to be 52,0CX) feet (absolute). From its zero ‘f 40,000 feet (abolute), the dlrecbr aircraft had no view

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the weather formations from an altitude of about between H+l and H+S minutes can be obtahed ckmcis lo bcadng extzwndy poor. ConsoWiation of tii spaco cloud layers from growth of the motiture ringe d tie rise of the layer, together with the high moisture content of the bmb cloud, thud at later times. The situation was &o co~~cati & rapid dispersion of the bomb cloud because”of a very unfavorable windshear atmcture. mission is reported in some detail belou aa Illustrative of -c’dttis of successfully conducttig a s~l~ A6 dayltght illumination increased, the extent and opaqueness of tho cirrus layer within which the director ticraft was flying became app-nt. An attempt was made by interrogation of othar aircraft in the vicinity to find a location from which visual contact with the cloud could be made. This attempt vaE in some degree successful in that at about H+60 mtites, ti t$e cirrus cover to the east of zero point. By 100killgdcm ~ ~ a ahti~ of bro~ trtitted light on lower cunnus he~s. Eecause of the heavy weight of t!!edtictar aircraft which required a long orbit

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path in ofimr not to lose altituda, the desti to avoid serious co- - tamimtion of thle mfrcraf%, ad the produotlon of contrdla by tie aircmft Its.lfwhich fl.lledthe haay hti in the cirms, it was nat than about tmtY Amtiem nimbus head8 protmdlng well abre this altitude ad 8 cirmn lEYOT beginningat *,CX)O feet (preslnlre)d extsxldtigup b an estimated south side which was In to be not aver l/8 mile aim-us ad another portion of the cloud on tb another small break. This portibn was reported long and 2/2 mti Me. Thsy we= not able b remain tier tiual flag conditions uhils sldrttig the cloud at &O,CXM feet, ad furthermore, fad that the space between 30,000 ad ~,~ feet (prs8sure) was appmdmately I@ to 518 obecured by cumulus ad atratifona cloti which afforded very Mttle risibility between Iaysrso For this reason tt was decided not to k~e the director aircraft desced~ in the soup, gem3ra13y east ad west ad ~ore or less parellel with the @qxc+d path of the OlO&. Tln west ed of this orbit brought it into

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hazy hole wan latir looated and these aircraft were dlrec~ b uampYm of meohsnical and Mn.ited-fiel aborts During tlds period, however, the of EniWetok wind observations and was so that no sazzpleswere collected dfrectar aircraft receivd a series able to predict with reliabiM& feet. It, thsrefom, deacerhd to approtitily 38,(ICOfeet, crossed below a heavy portion of higher oloud whioh Isy along the line of flight of the predtiti layer, ad feud a hazy hole on orn sM. of which a bank of heavy uhlte olouds oould be seen. Since tiese clouds gave evidence of gamma radiation when approached by the director aircraft, the last flight of FmO aimsraf’twere brought &an zero point to this positions one pair flying a systemtia aeamh mission enroute, the cloud mat@al af low concentration, or this position achieved earlier~ it the directar arxivectotid into mccessful In findinq diffuse Had their flight tfie been Linger b possilile that t.ke sarqles COIIOC&d by tha might haxe been larger. The presence of high altitude and dfictional wld shaar between well as a ~arked velocity t%,000 feet, alao adversely

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the cloud blow 50,000 feet by within zero point. Theso aircraft had t.keample belou thetr madmum altitudo capablM& at positions where the presence of the banb clcmd could only be inferred by the detection of gamma radiation in fl@ng above the c-. WKLe eamptig in the ah, thsy wera unable h distinguish whether thay we= flyhg in rdiation S* fran cloud at yet Iouer altitudes or whether thay uere f&lng thxvugh prhmzy cloud. Thelx collection resulte appear to imlioate that mush of ths radiation in= tenaity seen could be attrikted to aloud shinsc .... . Although it reported that the boab cloud waa cmplete~ obscured of 25, COO feet, ad altestratus ulouds at altitties h the neighborhmd of the sanpltig aircraft on this ‘a.IL-weatherHmbsfon. Biassed by almost light and variable wfaia between 20,000 axxl30$000 feet, it very Eyetematfcal.lysearched on inat.rumentsfor areas of gamma radiation to the north of zero point and waa able b collect a normal The s~anplecollection results for the ssion are shown ‘t= g%ven ‘mh Table 11.2-1. The sanples collected on the c~arison. Inspection of this table hzwdiately reveals that with tha exception of Wilson 2, the samples collected fod ere between and are accurately known,

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smpleel is low. An it was, the aollectlon of at Isast sane clad Inatati by the majirity of t.1=smpling aircraft siould be coneiderd an 8M@- aircraft malfunctions &ich occurcd, tie execution of =@% mission without fatali~ should be considered a tribute to tie skill ad the airoraft uamp2fng offort ‘existed it in fortunate that two surface s=@es, one from a blouer unit on Eugebl and the other km a funnel unit on Bogdluas prodded useful sample material ad would havo teen invaluable in the absence of any otk Emnples.

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A damage and radiation sumey was condwtid at appr~imately H+ 4 hews igbrds of the :ltive enough to Iitit reentry to the soutiern and e=tim nis survey indicatid that radio~tive contatiation was moderately contatiatid in the vicfity of the