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Department of Energy In accordance with the requests for information made during the meetings of June 7 and 8, 1978, at LLL, I am enclosing for your use the following Package of eleven schedule 189’s which identify DOE work in the Letter of December 9, 1974, from Dr. J. Liverman to W. Johnson, DNA, concerning the Draft Environmental Impact Statement on the Enewetak concerning the interpretation of ocean dumping regulations. Memorandum for Record of February 25, 1974, from A. Futral (DNA) on the interagency meeting of February 24, 1974, discussing disposal methods for the Enewetak cleanup operation. Summary of Bikini Whole Body Counting Results for 1977 and 1978. This is the raw data prepared by BNL. Division of Operational and
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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ADDITIONAL EXPLANATION FOR OPERATING OBLIGATIONS Brookhaven National Laboratory GK-Multi-Resource\ Laboratory . Mission Resource 1. Contractor: Contract No.: Task No.: Associated Universities, Inc. EY-76-C-02-0016 2. Protect Title: 189 No.: Surveillance of Facilities and Sites Marshall Islands Radiological Safety Program 3. Budget Activity No.: 4. Date Prepared: 5. Method of Reporting: 6. Working Location: Annual Report to Division of Safety Standards and Compliance (SSC) Brookhaven National Laboratory Monthly Visits to SSC Scientific Journals and Meetings . ( 79 PersGn in Charge: 8. Project Term: FY 1978 FY 1979 m 1979 FY 1980—— — FY 1978 FY 1979 FY 1979 FY 1980—— —— Total Research Obligations 11. Reactor Concept: 12. Materials:
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Surveillance of Facilities and Sites Project Title: Marshall Islands Radiological Safety Program GK-01-01-52-3-(a) Marshall Islands environmental samples from 1974 through 1976. BNL Report and dose predictions for Rongelap, Utirik, Rongerik, Ailuk, and Wotje Atolls. (a) 200 Word Summary: A comprehensive radiological safety program will be maintained for the inhabitants of atolls in the northern Marshall Islands contaminated as a result of the U.S. Pacific Testing programs. The following items and services will be provided: 1. Environmental and personnel monitoring to provide data for BNL dose assessments-and determination of radiological trends. 2. Individual and population dosimetry based on actual measurements. These data will be used to mqdify dose commitment predictive models so that they accurately reflect future trends. 3. Suggestions based on field experience to mitigate doses via the more critical pathways. 4. A flexible resource of radiological expertise to independently review radiation protection programs associated with rehabilitation efforts in the northern Marshalls, and for related health physics interests of OES in the Pacific Basin. Rogram activities for the coming fiscal year will emphasize the follow1. In VIVO counting of Bikini and Enewetak residents. These effo=s~l define baseline body burdens of gamma-emitting nuclides for new residents at both atolls, and will periodically assess changes in body burdens over time which might result from vartous exposure pathways. 2. Urine bioassay to define radio uclide excretion patterns from individuals, and to estimate !0 Sr and transuranic
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( Project Title: Marshall Islands Radiological Safety Program GK-01-01-52-3-(a 3* Definition of the annual contributions to dose via the inhalation pathway at Bikini, Rongelap, and Utirik. Special emphasis will be placed on continuous air sampling for windmediated resuspension of radionuclides in local soils; and on special measurements to define aerosol contributions resulting from human activity. 4, Development of radiological dose predictive models which involve both human and environmental monitoring data. (b) Supplement to 200 Word SummarY: The FY 1979 budget request contains a significant increase over the FY 1978 allocation. This increase reflects a realistic assessment of operating costs imposed by the in VIVO counting, bio-.— assay, and air monitoring activities begun in FY 1978. Additionally, field trip activities and analytical laboratory services have substantially exceeded original estimates for the basic radiological safety program, and these costs are expected to continue. .Finally, there are a number of peripheral programs of mutual interest to BNL and OES which will be cost-effective if included with the basic efforts, manpower and budget permitting. These include in order of importance: 1. Definition of local diet patterns at all atolls of interest, and continuous monitoring of diets for seasonal changes and longterm trends which might impact on realistic dose predictions. 2. Incorporation of public information and education programs into the total BNL effort to minimize the adverse psychological and sociological impacts of local radiological conditions and of our efforts to understand them. 3. Retrospective assessment of the radiological picture in the northern Marshalls prior to the establishment of the BNL program in FY 1975. . . 4. Continued collaboration with UW/LRE on OES radiological 15. Relationship to Other Prolects: This program will be logistically coupled wherever possible to the BNL Medical Program tn the Marshall Islands. Technical collaboration will continue on matters of mutual interest. The radiological safety program will also bear directly on a retrospective reassessment of thyroid and whole body doses to the BRAVO fallout victims at Rongelap and Utirik, a new program for which funding is expected inn 1978. The program will also interact cooperatively with related efforts at the University of Washington (LRX) and at Lawrence
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Surveillance of Facilities and Sites ( Project Title: Marshall Islands Radiological Safety Rogram GK-01-01-j2-3-(~ 16. Technical Progress in FY 1978: Several reports are in press or in progress for publication in FY 1978. These reports will summarize all BNL radiological program activities to date and identify the technical issues to be addressed in FY 1979 and 1980. TWO field tr~ps were made in October 1977 to initiate the BNL air monitoring programs at Bikini, Rongelap, and Utirik; and to establish the in vivo counting program. Sufficient field monitoring data will become available to assess average radionuclide body burdens for residents of Bikini, Rongelap, and Utirik, and to make a preliminary analysis of the inhalation pathway at these Personnel and analytical laboratory resources are being mobilized to provide technical program support for the “13 Atoll Su~ey” which is expected At least two additional field trips are planned for PY 1978 to continue environmental suneillance programs at Utirik, Rongelap, and Bikini, and the study of trends in 137CS body burdens at Bikini. Field trip scheduling continues to be hampered,however, by uncertainties over logistics support. l 17. Expected Results in N 1979: (’ At least three field trips will be made to Bikini, Rongelap, and Utirik Atolls to conduct routine environmental suneillance and personnel monitoring activities. In addition, two or more field trips will be made to Enewetak to continue baseline in vivo counting and bioassay activities begun in FY 1978,—— and to initiate a new environmental sumei,llance program consistent with the return of control of the atoll to the Marshallese. Average baseline radionuclide body burdens will be established for typical residents of uncontaminated atolls. Additional contributions to body burdens from environmental pathways on contaminated atolls will be determined for individuals and populations at Bikini, Rongelap, and Utirik. Definition of the inhalation pathway at rhe aforementioned atolls will be completed, and a working predictive model will be developed which incorporates environmental and pathway analyses with actual human uptake experience. 18. Expected Results in FY 1980: Continuation of programs described in FY 1979.
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Sumeillance of Facilities and Sites 19. Description and Explanation of Major Materials, Equipment and Subcontract Capital Equipment - PY 1980: Two phantoms ($10,000) are required to provide adequate calibrations for the Marshall Islands In vivo Counting program. A computer-based pulse height—— analyzer ($40,000) is needed to maintain the division counting laboratory at state-of-the-art, and to provide independent analytical facilities for 20. Proposed Obligations for Related Construction Projects:
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a ADDITIONAL EXPLAN/’” FOR OPERATING COSTS 1. Annual Report 18 July 1977. 12. D.IIUS & Titles of j~uhlic.~tiuns 2. Radiological Survey of Plants, Animals and Soils in Micronesia, I!. l{cl.ltion~hip to Otht.r projects 3. Radiological Survey of Plants, Animals and Soils in the Marsha?’ Progress Report for 1976-1977 (in preparation). Ii. l)ro~:c.sin 1:}’ IIJ78 Complete the analyses of all samples for the 00ES collected in 1975. 1976. Prepare reports of the results of analyse! Ifi. I:\i.~rTLJI{C,,LIII,l,i 1}- IVEO Continue analyses of selected arch samples; prcpiire progress rcp’-~rt,
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Two sets of 189’s were prepared on 29 Apri 1 1977, “Pacific Radioecological Program (SSC Section) Baseline and Aerial Survey” and “Pacific Radioecological Program SSC Section Fish Tagging.” This year three sets have The programs remain essentially the same with one exception. The baseline program for FY 78 is unchanged but for FY 79 and FY 80 the analysis of archive samples is proposed. The addition of the archive samples is complemented by a slight reduction in the number of analyses of samples from the 13 Atoll Survey. The total budget for all prc)gralns for FY 79 and FY 80 are approximately the same~s given in last year’s 189’s, and for FY 78 is significantly less because of the delay in initiating DOES programs 11 and 111.
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Laboratory adiatlon Ecology University of klashington , TABLE 2: Enewetak Atol 1 .
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Lawrence Liverinore Laboratory University of California D Environment Livermore, California ~Life Science Research 8iomedical Applications 1. CONTRACTOR: University of California, Contract #U-7405-eng-48 . PROJECT TI TLE: Continuing Marshall Island Radiological Dose Assessment 2c, RPISNO. 600146 2b~ ABSTRACTED TITLE: Marshall Island Dose Assessment 2d. 189 No. LLL/ASEV-80-22 tlarch 1978 Annual Livennore, California Materials, Services, etc. 11 . 12 0 0 12 33 Indirect Expenses 17 Ig o 0 _xL_ a Capital Equipment not Related {J 11. REACTOR CONCEPT: Not Applicable 12. MATERIALS: Not Applicable
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Assessment of Bikini Atoil, Lawrence Livermore ~ratory, of Potential Doses to Populations from the Transuranic Radionucl ides at Enewetak Atoll, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, 3. V.E. Noshkin andW.L. Robison, Consideration of the impacts of Soil Disposal on Northern Runit (Yvonne) Island and the Marine Environment, Report to DOE Headquarters, 8 p. (1977). This project will evaIuate the radiological problems associated with the resettlement of Bikinr Atoll in the ?%rshall Islands including: l alternate living patterns involving Bikini Island, l alternate island~ e.g., Eneu Island and Nan Island in the northern section of Bikini Atoll, for primary residence, l radiological implications of copra produced at Bikini Atoll on the world market, l economic impacts to the Bikini people and the Marshall islands If such crops are restrained from the world market, l long-term use of Blkinl as more time-dependent data become We will maintain the data files and information both from Bikini and Enewetak so that we can respond rapidly to DOE needs for Marshall 15. Relationship TO OTHER PROGRAMS: This assessment program is closely related to the follow-up research programs at the Bikini and Enewetak Atolls (189 Nos. LLL/ASEV80-5 and -22), to the continuing assessment of Enewetak Atoll, and to past surveys at both atolls. Results from this program will be integrated closely with any future atoll surveys. 16. TECHNICAL PROGRESS IN FY 1978: The inltlal dose assessment of Bikini and Eneu Islands at Bikini Atoll (see publication No. 1) was completed. The predicted doses for living patterns involving Bikini Island are more than doubie ::”.:
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Federal Guldellnes. The predicted dose for Eneu Island living patterns is marginality in iine with Federal Gujdellnes. The terrestrial foodchains pose the greatest potentiai contribution to the population dose. AMarshali Island data bank was Initiated. This data bank will include data generated in our field programs and data published by We aiso have supplied DOE with two reports on Enewetak Atoll (see publication Nos. 2 and 3). The assessment of the potentiai doses due to the transuranics at Enewetak atoll indicate that predicted lung and bone dose rates at Enewetak Atoil may exceed the new EPA guidance. EXPECTED RESULTS FOR FY 1979: Our goals for FY 1979 are fivefold. We will: Continue to update assessments of potential doses for alternate living patterns at Bikini Atoll as new data become available from the test plots established on Eneu Reevaluate all of the llvlng patterns and potentiai longterm use of the atolls as nmre time-dependent data become Develop the assessment of the radiological significance of copra produced on Bikini and entered into the worid market. Expand the Marshall Island data bank so we can respond rapidiy to needed assessments of Bikini Atoll. Assess proposed changes in living patterns as suggested by DOE, Department of interior (DOi), the Trust Territory, the Bikini and Enewetak people, and ourselves. Many of the needed assessments will be identified as the resettlement proceeds and questions arise. EXPECTED RESULTS IN FY 1980: Additional assessments considered necessary by DOE, DOI, the Territory, the Bikini peopie, and ourselves wili be conducted. will inciude evaluations of alternate living patterns, annual dose and body burden estimates, alternate diets, and remedial actions directed t~ard reducing either uptake or radionuclide inventories at Bikini. Evaluation at Bikini Atoll of islands other than Bikini and Eneu also may be necessary. Delineation of the possible long-term use of the atoll wiil be of particular importance.
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19. HAJOR MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT, AND SUBCONTRACT ITEMS: 20. PROPOSED OBLIGATIONS FOR RELATED CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS:
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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY“ ENERGY - OPEUTING El@ENSES AND CAPITAL ACQUISITION ADDITIONAL EXPLANATION FOR OPEWTING OBLIGATIONS Brookhaven National Laboratory GK-Multi-Resource Laboratory Mission Resource 1. Contractor: Contract No.: Task No.:— Associated Universities, Inc. EY-76-C-02-0016 2. Project Title: 189 No.: Human Health Effects from Energy Generation Medical Studies of the People of the Marshall Islands Accidentally Exposed to Fallout 3. Budget Activity No.: 4. Date Prepared: 5. Method of Reporting: 6. Working Location: Scientific Journals Brookhaven National Laboratory 7. Person in Charge: 8. Prolect Term: Principal Investigator: From: “ To: ,Pres. Bud. Rev. Req. Direct Person-Years FY 1978 FY 1979 FY 1979 py ~gg~ Guests & Research Collaborators 2.0 2.0 2.0 g-o 10. Costs (In Thousands of Dollars): Pres. Bud. Rev. Req. PI!1978 FY 1979 FY 1979 FY 1980 Total Research Obligations 420 425 570 m 11. Reactor Concept: 12. Materials:
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Human Health Effects from Energy Generation ProjectTitle: Medical Studies of the People of the Marshall Islands Accidentally Exposed to Fallout GK-01-02-01-l-~a) The following citation was previously listed only as submitted: Conqrd, R. A. Summary of thyroid findings in Marshallese 22 years after exposure to radioactive fallout. Radiation-Associated Thyroid Carcinoma, L. J. DeGroot, Editor, pp. 241-257, Grune & Stratton, New York, 1977. The primary objective is the determination of the life-time effects of fallout radiation on the Marshallese who were accidentally exposed to radioactive fallout on March 1, 1954. Medical Surveys of these people are conducted at quarterly intervals, and an unexposed Rongelap population is examined for comparison. The surveys, carried out jointly by Brookhaven National Laboratory under the auspices of the Department of Energy, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, are of great importance in view of the development in this population of growth impairment in some exposed children, thyroid lesions, and one case of acute leukemia. . b) Supplement to 200 Word Summary: Post-exposure surveys in the Marshall Islands have been conducted for 23 years. In addition to the 244 people orginally exposed, a group of 150 unexposed Marshallese are examined for a “comparison population” to assess late effects of radiation from fallout. The continuing development of thyroid neoplasm, and the appearance of one case of acute leukemia, indicate the need for frequent examinations. In addition to routine physical, hematological, and other laboratory examinations, the surveys involve special studies related to aging, malignancy, reproduction and measurement of …
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