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A. Cli c ical Zection 1, Zematology Lesearch BEST COPY AVAILABLE (a) The hena$ologic data on all ?reject personnel ohronically and acutely exp ssd to ionizing radiatior. and radioactive materials hare been analyzed. It ha3 hen concluded that the Usual t ~ ? 3 of routine blood examina",ions, even under the msf; careful conditions, is 205 a zood index of early radiation dana3e. AT aidin the evaluation o f blood changes due t o ionizing rad - i ation has been worked out. --- l sr ge series of ojservations of the morphology of cells ir Supravital preparations o f blood 'indicates an incrsase i n the number of refruckite neutral red bodies i n the lpiphocytas i n the ciroulstinL; blood of pr sons exposed to ionizing radiation in the tolsrance rmge, This non-spoific increase in intracellular bodies nhioh stain with neutral red can be corr t lats d with the degrse of ex?osure. ( e ) The hematology of persons and anillvlls receiving lar,-e doses of ra2lstion ia accidental nuclear reactfqns and at the - 4mgor8o test has been studied. (a) Tne clinical courses of two persons fatally injured by radiation and twelre persons seriously overexposed t o radiation have been exhaus tire ly stud io do (b) F,e clinical courses of two persons injured by cah i un fumes and beryl lim dust have been fol la ed.
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(b) Xeasuremnt of Lets and gaaima doses sustained by ?rsonnsl i n the country side where fission 2roducts fell, suspended a n d f’ror- precipitated products. Assay for 2lutonium i n t h e cauntry side about t2.e nuclsar (d)S pci al studies o f the beta and doses sustained by livestock upon which fission produots fell(set arid is tion burns). (a) The study of events in critical assenbly accidents. “31ue glof energy considerations 3eal th-physic s monitorhg regulations appropriate to er it i a alas aem b li rr ~ in the personnel no rk iq ath critical assemblies (hta activi%y persome1 exposed t o aeutrons. (SEna d teeth as -,?ell as entire (d)Eq eri mental procedures for checkin; OE the Zeutrm and doses sus5alned by personnel inml-red in critical assexbly ( e ) Study of the anomalous Icetabolism of elements =de radioactive by slaw neutrons i n the human body (Ps2). (a) The cupfermn extraction procedure for the dotemination of mall amounts of plutonim in biological materials. A study ltas mads of the eff eot of @, phosphate eonaentration,
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total salt concentration, e+c., on the recover;: o f ? luton im that it was feasible to apply the cupferron extraction procedure .to biological materials subseqdont t o an ashing ste ? . A method for the determination of plutonium in9 Za-hour suql e(b) of hman urlnea )>,e c7qferron extraction procedure ins adapted t o the a2alysis ( c ) The determinaeon of plutonium i n hman feoes. \ \ A suit abl j aliquot of the feces sam?ls was ashed aad tho pluto nim carried xi th calcium oxalate. 3.e oxalate was de strop d..4'-\.- 4% *- s--,.\ with Xi0 a The sol ut in was then analyzed for plutonium b;r the (d) Adaptation 02 t'ne cupferron extraction procedure t a the analysis of animal tissues for pluto ni ~ a i?o11owing a suitable asking step tb cupferron extraction procedure has given about EO,; reoovery of pluto3lu.m from kidney, liver, spleen, bone, muscle, blood, izkestine, etc., of both rats and humans. k e msthmL+@e's recoreries of be5ter than 8C(! when the amount of postum per 50 m l . of urine exceeds 8 c/m., Using this halogen-mtal interoonrersion reaotion with the
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acid fias been ?repared, 'nayin: a speoific activity of about 3 x 10 d is in te gra i ions per nkute. Ls'inz the sane reactl3n, (a> ;he effect of valmce state on the aetabolisn of pluto aim ak.inistere2 i dx are nous ly to the ra:. 1) Puts and Put' each give 30-40;: de ps it lon in liver and bone. 2 ) ?u'~ concectrates i n bone t o extent of about 60;; and i n ';he liver .mer the f i r s t two days the urinary and fecal excrstion of5 ) plutonium is ess cEti ally these a, rtgardhss of valence is 10 t l m s as high as f9r tke other valence states. 4 ) At 3C dags t h e rat excrstds over 10 t h e s as much Pu in the feoes as i n t h e urine. i'hls is not the cas9 with t:?s human for which the fecal to urinary excrction ratlo i s l/l. t!w excretioo is not vastly different from that for Pu(Ii03)4. %?osition i n the liver is greatly decreasedl hmevsr, and de?ositiox i n bone i s increased t o about 60;; of the injected dose. ( c ) 3ffeot; of s i z e of 2088 on the zetsbolisrn of 71utoniran citrate achinistered intravenously t o the rat. Then dosss ranging from 0.03 microgram t o 52.0 micrograms
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(e) Ketabolisx o f pliitoriium i n the human (hl at ioa between blood level and urinary and fecal excretior. when pluto rim is a x nist ered intravenously i n sodirnr, citrate solution). 1) B.ere vasa kigh corre la tio a between 51ooc? level m d urimry excretior- a26 fecal excretion and between blood level ad it t!iirty days the mean feed excretion was 0.025 !0.01;. &is corre q on ds to a fecal to uriaary excrztior; rat50 of a py ox imt e ly 1/1. it would require fifty years for a huMn t o excrete 15;: of the injected dose. of the human. A study of tAo cases show that the skeletoo and %he liver of the hm.m are ti?? principle sites of depositiorl of plutonium, 3. Research on monitorin;; Of plant ?er(lonml.
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Analysis of both feces a x i urine smaples fmrr 7ersons involved i n various types of accidents show a fecal t o urinary This signifies considerable Several hmzred wino maws ha-;e beer, perfonxed on personnel cox sr ned with the processing of Postm. persons have reiched o r exceeded the ?resent tolerance limit of 500 c/cm p r 24-hour sample of wine. by a human scbject. Xesults show no agpreoiable effect of increased f l u i d intake on excretion of 'ostm. concentretion i n the early Earning voiding of urine. An investigation of neutron induced activity ir- blood and urine of persons involved in critical assenbly accidents. Ttere i s some indicatioa of a higher 32ExtreIiielg Lig hand activities were observed in the blood and urine of persons exposed dur iq critical asser;bly