Project Sunshine - Progress from September 1953 to January 4, 1954

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UWITED STATES ATOMIC EWERBY COWISSIOW NM YORK OPERATIONS OFFICE ? r oparo d Ly tho REST RHO OAT A

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@r. Taltrr 0. C l w - Dir. of Blologg Ir ydicixm)

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i. Fal out recorded by the worldwid. mtucrk, oporated on a skeleton b t f s betusen tests, vps leas than 1 d/s/f%2/dry in Dscember. The origLn of the debris i s in doubt but -9 89/90 ratio suggest8 HI=. Thio rate of fallout i s equivalent to .a%per wek of tb 2, Taldrrg all our data into consideration, we find ue ars unable t o sw.@es to drte,-indicate that present atmas h a c storrgu, when pro-

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colleoted on 1-1/8 inoh paper o r glarr filters. The fl lter s are meed tuba mom*d in riolpb lead oastlee. there oo u nkr rir ml nt aim date ix oountr pot minuto and tho Offiolenolor about IS-Zw, Rlghor ofliolenoier oould bo obtriosd but a r o not oona.rbmt@ orotrntod on tho 8- holdars. A 0.m gam qur rt it yd pot.rsiun oomting ratoe for rtandarditation. The oounting the e were of the or du of 30 mi;nutrr for brokgound and rlmpler a& all results arc) reportod with the standard doviatlonr oaloulatod far the error of th. 8amph rtun tho bokgrotmd omor i e taken into aooomt. Figwee 1 t o 3 show t h e 2s mlur far brokgromd aontky ?.tor of 4, 6 and kok got m doo unti ry time are equl. (In ow nom1 rrark, 28 mlwi are wed, but in thir report, the h dOVhtiOn.8 are reported too on fon n with Y90 sampler w e followed for deoay for ident iii o atl on purpo808 aad roridual SrgOparont but are not oorreotsd for rel feb i or pti on by the eample. Fwther identifloation 58 por rib b by abraoption xmalruremsntr rhsn tho #ample i e Soab eamplee were umlyrod Pot nom1r tron tim kr ordor t o rtudy tho upClb by planti and aaklr. carrier oamaot, of oourro, bo wod in thir prooedure but It h r boon found possible t o obtain good reoworlee with a brim oarrier. poi pit at eir dl8aohed and u t ~ lyro dfor e tron t lua with the flrrrw photometer kdim .zulyror were run on may of the eamplsr. All rmnplrs exoept eoilr mre alpad by the rtan&brd mothod of oo-prooipitation of the mdim with rulphato and alpha oountbg. Ibis *eatmont i e not praotioable fau tion ohambars . hmr mathods of uul yr or an in the de vr lop & rtago but hnw not keen u*ed on a~prof t h o eamples roported b thir papor ar it nus felt -et The hakgrounii aounting r r ~of Tha nitra t. proordure L wed fm there p ration The result lag OM another. A s noted earl i or,the o an pbt s analytical prooedmer

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It is only natural that ths role of thir laboratorg in the warldrida m~nitorfngof debris from mcbax, datonation, should tend t o orioat our SVSEIN8 8t&W tawanls tho fallout dat8 we hmo accumlated (14). Our rtudicu ware derlgnul t o aChi.- mximm util ir8tion of theso date. Dur choico of mrlmiata won iafluoncd undor four hadingat thou l tim to object iv u & (kr rtudloo can bo prereatod 1. Validity of data from the manibring network. 2. Brctionotioo of the r tron tiu s lwtopes. 3. 30- factors i m l d in the biological uptake of rtrontlum. &. AtmSphSCtC storage cif debris from super bombs. Validity of Data Prom the lbnitoring Network Coaparlson of Prddicted axxi Meaaurad Concantrationo of Bediortmntiun in 3011 &llr rom fl vo selected war In the Urrited Stater were analytod f o r strontium 69-90, n o rmiicteci ~$9-90 concentration in roil varieti from 0.0067 to 0.26 d / m i $ gm soil, factor of LO. Predicted values worn calc u latd from the d8ta of Table 1which rocozdr stat lorn In tho ric in it y of each loci lit y rhro roil8 mare emplod. Tbe was ob tam d from Flgarar A-1 md 4-2 (Pppondix A) which hrro boon comtructed from data of Huntar md Ballou (6). The radioatmatiurn contont of the roil UM ert tutu iW mmming th. roil denaity to bo 1.5 urd a l l ai th. actlritg t o k containrd In th. upper inch ai mil. Ihm or d bch08ic.lwe8bod radiortzrontlum hhpr8 of soil blow &la, thir activity WM dddto tho nmmrad raho fro0 zuo t o OM inch in order to m b the result r comparable.

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mTIMATep CONTRIBUTION OF TO SOIL AT SAWNO L4ICALITIEs Salt Lake City New Tork City

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fmm place to placo ina given locality. ,epUcation ha8 not beea pO86ibb up to tho p n 8 e n t tim. iog=, Utah, ne did collect replicatea from tno pasturns about on. milo ed i n the variation in fallout As rt is i actor y program of The t o t a l radiostrontium assay of these soils wan .22 and -30 d/!uin/p Retention by Gummd FFlaw of Particulates in An axprimant nw designed to masure the rention by gummed film t o us0 m d #-ling wdir in our fallout btudios, flrld teatir &mon&rtod that tho a,-?ifity co acted by orrrprmrd paper urn coqmrabla to, a d mm repro. duciblo than there aul t rob tal nd us- tray8 dari(a.d for total couectrua man wo firat bog= Tho fol bring proc dur on u doptods ~ rmp lr odio act i a debris 1.1 rind at ad hy finely div ld d pila brod i a ted iron having 8 ma811 median dim tor of 3p. a feu milligrams nam added t o tro liters of distillad rater urd agitated. To suapoad tho Iron powder, Particle a is @ cont ml over the mspaadeci particulatoa WM obtained rl u tri ation of thi orlginal ruspension. A tagi w n t-, 700 millimrtera 4 t the top of the q lln dr r mas dbcaated into a 8prukling arrangement the srmplo en ten a erpillazy tub. from which droplot8 uopor & ttd to fall t o the gPnmbd flh. Under the conditions reparted ham, the rata of ar9inC.lla w a a 1" per hour. axpressed Ythe percentage of suspended actiVity m coa rod The retention of tho gwmed film ur8 A camulativo frequency rxme of part icl a8iZO versus tl mw a a calculated, using Stokes Law (with Cunningham's com c tion aa arcesrary). Rom thb curve, and the d a t a on retention a t various tinus, ?igare 6 was developed, The retention of the gummed fila!i n these tests ra8 not 81 high rn WM e%pectd. This lpqr bo bocauro of tho hoavy rat. of rimulated rainfill, Similar t e e t r a t lower rainfall rates am being pluurrd but ham not 88 yet gotten aador way. of tho pmod papers u e gimn i n Trblo 3. 85% do not rppoar tori gni fi cant lyi ~ ~ Iuenc ot her at anti vit y of tho f-.

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------- Ub CLASS IF \ E Dek action a tic n of Radioatrontian i n Bomb Dsbrjs The tm radio iso to pr of rtrantirnn, Stag an3 SrgO are chiefly formsd by the deoay of primsry fission produots aocording t o the schemos, Thin dirorepncy may bo porribly acoountmd for by oonsidering that sou IE any oar., t h e prroision of nmasuremant i r rearorPb10 and indioatos that th on r is bil it p of fallout lr dior tron tiu nir red, The fallout ramplor run for tadiortrorrtiun were *ken frm our rtook of oults, along with th. tho or et ical radiortrontim mlws fraa Hunter and Eillou are givon in Tables 46.

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(This is the only s e r i e s that shma higher measured radiostrontiun mlwr Grind bati on,

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Air ampler oo lle ok do a the ro iat FIO dwpFn< the ami dry fallout on the roof a t lK0 d w h g th. period of July 1 5 t h to Roomber Wrd of 1480 d./min.3 of rhiah 746 d/-. mro rsdiortrontlua. Awn tho r tron tim prorntage i r higher than expeat.d. The a a lys or of ramplor taken during tho t.rt pr lodi nd loa to a lmor radiortrontiroP oontont than erpeoted, dib thore trkrn woll aer detonation lhm a roh tir rly high ndi or tro at luo on t mt. a t nt11 bo dirommd, It I ~ ohb & othat hat iom tion hr ooo \ ~ rod. ball ~ . bit porriblo that they aro mer. U & l y dirprred. Th. mrly fill out ir def lolo at irr n dio it rc diu, #in- thom ltr pr tio lor rea0 Sr9 /eBsn tio om Fob ably k tmod only an an rppraoxlnmtion of tho re latin uoount of ate rial fran eaoh nrler.. ek of Romkr 2 b t of i hot lon atl on ap ~ rt o bo -1. Ar notod earlier, *, bred un m83peIl tr of total fallout in thr area and tho theorrtioal oontributioa of Sr Ogo.

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Studler of Factors halved in the Bio lo qi o al xptake of Rn dios tron tiu n Ident Vio atl on of the prop r tie a of soil whioh in flu woe thr uptnb, of radio r trm tl m by biologioal systems in prerequisite to dor at and ing the s lg nf fl ~ clnoo of the deporition of radlortzontlrm in roil. Dependenroe of Sreg4* Optaka an Soil Calo i um i 8 dopondant on tho exohangeablo o aloi m in tho soil in dio h tho pkn t brim and the & alth and Snfety k borat cuy br dom nrt m tod nh tion - rhip botrrsen rn diu m up tak o and axohangoable orl olm in roll. phnts is drp ndr nt not alom cm tho amount af rad for tron tiu a in tho roil, but on exoh.ngeable a aloi um an -11, ao or ro lrt ion r hould ex irt betnren exohanyable onlcl ~and the ratio oi SregoQO in lirortook bmr t o 9.89-90 in roil tran uhloh their food lab rl vo d. the United Stater ware rn8lytsd for radioattantium aad ozchngeable tims in these pat urea =re aaarifiood ami #8qlor of rton obta Figure 8ira prrrentation of our data b tho form Srd% in banr/Sr In soil varaus the reolprooal of exabng.able oaloiua, the form which would be prodlotable frm thr Beltr rill o aprimratm &ora a hear roger rion a slop. af 539 -8 obtained. EkO.UO of th, few data, a awvr through tho polntr in thi afi pol r not rhom. Emwar, ahaat equator fit of the rLt. gi-a a alopa o f 760 d ~ i a hi r in fair r gee ment with the Bsl tr v ll lo dah amrrldering th. few o brm tion a In =der t o omphrlme t h o importmoo of tho oxahanl;.ablr oalclun a8 8 pram tor Fo the rel at i oar hip boh o a bono and roil rrdloatrontlwi, ?lgwa 9 prerentr boDu rrdlorttontilPn vsrrur roll n dio a tro at fu a POsentrd are n o t mo eederly 8 8 5n cosrp.rlron rlth Figcpe 8. Three kmbr and b o arlrea that had spont air entire liir - TILO dab thus km oa Soil Calolrm If ari milu drp den m on or oh ry abl r oaloitmr oould bo domafh a i wi a a noo of ndlo ~ tron tl mb po alt ioa la aoila. mrld ride B. in roil ir knomr toa rint app.orirtian and oan bo hottar datermlned if need be. hwa born har boon rmdrr study for sonm th. Ow howlodgo of tb p o - biO =dim equilibritrm oould be wed to estimate the ul tin r to ir to of Tho rel at iom hip aC thir doporition t o = dimla

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drrelOpd 6- orldomo that t h e uptako Or #.dim 18 dependant on oxehaq8ble aloi un in anmsr simihr t o radiortrontlwn and barlua. & @der t o frPttUr acploro thlr porsiblllty, the roilr from fim prtwer omplotad on +A0 m oar mph booauao tbae arrived tool a to to pa'mit bdcfrd up Ofd.U @ br podu s trot if it y fol la ring sepmtlan of the 226. ¶%e fou mtloa obtalmd whoa plot tod against rroiproo.1 a x oh npb lo whim do not ahor ar olour 1Lzb.t rog rer rl on a8 11trm for rtrmtlup, This m y be drr t o tho fmot that The raaultr rro not oompletrly dlaaoungfng and further work uoepu indio8ted. cosnpariron af Radiortrontiun in Variour doer not behave a a rtrontiua door, ltmong tho mrlour = to rir lr rh ich have ken analpred for radlortrontl\mn u e acmo uUuh hre In o - 0 ~ the hot that th. lrotopar orlgiaated to8 trgo extorit *om rollr In the region of routhern Brr Tork and northorn Em Joriey. Zbro rup lor inoltxle the lambs and a her i rm paaturor a t Itboa and Butprs, tho now Tcrk City milk aupply, hm a elk urd rtlll - barnr from t h o amtropol1t.n Bow York aroa. tri but lon of tslolrar, md therefore strmtltm *ich b.6 its orig la in tho Table 10 rmmariror t0roi ul troi maip.ia o it bro Prterialr. :t riii be mkd that the rot irl ty when exprossod In &in/- of mlolm a r e of the ram0 order. For th m Let two kinds of

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test re firs that confzibute to this lor lava1 depodtfon. tha ncent drbrls I 8 conaidorably ~nrlchbdIn both L.ot0p.a o f strontium rad the pdnd accratlorr of these 1rotop.r durhg the -dag months l r 'Ilkel7 to bo lv gc tin aunt thm the stmntinm tbt hu koa du pod k d up t o the present tfmc. Sstlmate o f the Total hpo d tion of Dabfir from llfn From J8nu.q 1 to llrch I, 1953, w can account for an additional 0.6% (O.Ol&or weak). fn tha following mouths, t h o dabda war doadrutad W tha UPSRCn:-XNQPHOLZ and USSR aeriem, and d.Uferentirition o f XIU debrir y11 not possible by artr mthods of uuqling a d mrlpis. herd on the fan data avdlable, wwuld omtl~uatetha act id ti of the a%aouphen up to 100,000 foet to bo of tha order of .Q6 d h n / n 3 (.002 d/dn/f't3).

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In a givcn sample contairdng the fia don pmducts of Pu or gr6it (total fission activity) ratic a8 a functicn of timr. Huster and Ballou how derived amroxlmat8r rrcressiora for t o t a l fission product activity as a ? me tien of time. If it is a pre s8ed in r iii d br,them equations ares A t 1 9 days after b u r …