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UNITED STATES ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION Proposed Biomedical Research Laboratory this document need no longer bc. OUO.B m- There I s no: 1 - restriction a n its use or availability.
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Presented by Uright H, Langham (Lo8 Alamos Scientific laboratory) Early i n 1945 the necessity far having human excretion and tissue data a0 a baais of further tolerance caasiderations and far the diagnosis of expome of personnel was realized. Alma st simultaneously human tracer studies uere instituted In three different laboratories. In of appraximately f i v e pears has elapsed since their initiation. report constitutes a ccunplete sumnary of the sixteen CII~IOE studied. 11. DEPCLSITION EXCRETION OF PUIITONTIJM ADKINISTEED INTRdvENoUSLY Tissue samples vera obtained fim only 7 of the 16 cases. For obvioua reasam the tissue samples obtained were frequently of porn quality and the results of studies of the deposition of pl utd um In the tissues of man leave much t o be desired. The rearlts a r e of consfderable value, however, in that they show no drastic differences between the dspoaition of plutonfum in man and in Sxperdmental Mimala. AWmlng samples of rib, sternun, and vertebras canstitute e respective sample of the skeleton, the data ehm that 66 per cent of the p l u t d m mY be expected t o be found in the 10,OOO grams of skeleton of the stanliver and bone aa approximately 90 per cent of en injected dose of pluto dum Is found In these two organs. They also show that the only tissues of importance are the Complete liver results were obtained
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i n only f i v e casea, two of vhich were definitely abnaFmal becauae of advanced disease not connected with the experiment. Bn average, boutver, of all five results ahwed a plutonium depositian of 22 per cent at an average t h e of 156 days post-injection. deposition is higher i n man than in r dents and that the rate of turnover i s The rermlta indicate that llvar Most of the urfnary, fecal, end urinary results were obtained f o r 138 days post-injection, studied a t Callfornia was followed fur 3 4 l days. gaphically the averap urinary, fecal. and urfnary 4 fecal axmetion results for the first 13a days. plied to these data and the beat curves of fit were found t o bet: The one case The above fanrmlae show that the best curve8 of f i t ware n o t single exponentlala but rather fractional logarithmic f'unctions. The desirability of extrapolating these curved t o longer poses of determinfry the half-life of plutonium fn the body and far diagnosing sxpomrres of persona who worked w i t h the material eeveral years ago seemed to just if p an adjustment of the meti shown In Flg. 1to include all available data. The adjusted m e a through 1750 days (aFprcodFlately 5 years) a r e shown in Fig. 2. Thla adjustment vaa accanpllahed hcludSag r e s u l t s obtained an 3 of the Los dlamoa workers who had
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appreciable exposure and an whcm large amounts of data are IO of the experimental caees. graph to emphasize the validity of the adjusted curve fm urinary represented by the following equationor Three additional seta of urine eanples uere obtalned fYm Theae three points are sham on the The adjusted curves far urine and urine 4 feces were best Integration of the above sxpression ftx cretion bstween t h e limits of me-half end 1750 # ane-bdf days the total amount of plutonium, in term of per cent of the dgfnal dobe, excreted during the 1750 day period. A t the end of this period the t o t a l excretion WM 8.7 per cent. If me aoaumes rithmic excretion beyond 1750 days then the time required t o ercrete an pears. Then the maan biological half-time far plutanirmr man is 118 years vith U t a of 85 and 175 yeam. The above eqaatfm far the adjusted excretion may be applied t o the diagnorirr of the body burden of persarmel under three different sets of expo me cond lt i ~ . A single acute expoaure occurring a t hovn timb:--Sincs Y-
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d e X days after a sfngle acute ~ ~ ~ ~ s u r eDE determines the body burden (%) in counts per minute. 2. Exposure occurring a8 a r e d t of varlalile 4bKpI;Ic cr subacute eypotmre dth only the total expo- time b i n g hm.- A l l of the exposure cases occurring a t Los Alamoa are ropsentative of t h e above tspes of exposure. cases of this type is exactly that used t o apply the urlnary excretion results of the Loa Bbmos workers to the adjustment of the U8 &y uriThe lasthod used t o diae;nass exposure in If m e aesumes tht it is p0ssiU.e t o intsrpet effeCt iV t3 single dose gimn a t 6ome effective time btueen the beginning and t h e end of the exposure period, then the sf'fectivs body burden of aa indirldual can be determined by fitting the dops of his tlriaarg acrution c m to that of the 138 day exporfmentdly date mind u ur ~ ~in the If the rlngle effective dore in count8 per minutS f r de-- nsted ar % then the count8 per n i n a t m (Y 1 excmtod q dqr rit.r the effectiw dose is glmn 18:
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then I s the calculated effective time of eacpanurs and ita aubstitutlan in the first equation given above gives the effective dose (b)as fol3. Body burden follaviag chronic inParfsnt exposure w i t h tha duration of eaposure known:-This condition l a that uhich may occur in routine proceesing procedures in which sir concentratione, etc. are rigidly controlled to such an extent that an individunlmay be aesuaed t o be exposed toadl constant amount of plutonim on each uorking day. m - time of erposure l a days, day8 from the beginning of an eyposure to the time 8 urine analysia is made withn )m (preferably by mom than then the counts per minute in the urfne excreted on day g dfe: where D1 i s the exposure dose in counts per minute on exposure day 1, D2 l a the exposure dose in counts per minute an exposure day 2 , Dm I s the exposure dose in counts per minute ai exposure day 8. Mathmatical solution of this serles gives the fall ovi ~erpresslaa for the total body m e n (T d u a l ma;. h8ve rccmulated during 1 days of chronic invariant eXpOSUT0. ), which is the t o t a l dose that an indivl-
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Within recent months urine analyses have been run on members of the Los Ehmos Scientific Laboratory who received psitive plutonium exposure three to five years ago. has been acccmpli&ed using the adjusted urinary excretion curve in Fig. 2, and t h e propoasd method for calculating body burden follaring mi aS le chronic or suk cute exposure. ment with t h e early estimates of their expsure. ' The diagnosis of their body burden The results are in good agree-
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