Remedial Investigation Work Plan, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Waste Area Grouping 13, Revision 0

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Remedial Investigation Work Plan Oak Ridge National Laboratory Waste Area Grouping 13 U.S. Department of Energy Lee Wan 8t Associates, Inc. 120 South Jefferson Circle, Suite 100 Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830

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Remedial Investigation Work Plan Oak Ridge National Laboratory ORNL Waste Area Grouping 13 k c Wan & Associates, Inc. 120 South Jefferson Circle, Suite 100 Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830

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2. OBJECrZVES OF THE PHASE I REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION ....... 3. DESCRIPTION OF CURRENT CONDITIONS ...................... HISTORY AND CURRENT CONDITION ..................... 3.3.1 Results of Prior Investigations .......................... Preliminary Assessment of Nature. Extent. and Environmental Data Package for the Radiation Exposure from a Cesium3.3.2 Mobility of Contamination ............................. 4. BASELINE TECHNICAL METHODOLOGY ....................... APPLICABLE OR RELEVANT AND APPROPRIATE 4.1.1.1 Groundwater and Surface Water ................. 4.1.2 Radiation Protection Standards ......................... 4.1.2.4 TBC Guidance for Radiological Risk Assessment .... Formations. and Underground Mines .............. 4.1.3.3 Wilderness Areas. Wildiife Refuges. and 4.1.3.4 Wetlands and Floodplains ..................... Historic Sites and Archaeological Findings .......... Rare. Threatened. or Endangered Species .......... Sole Source Aquifer Requirements ...............

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) 4.2 DATA QUALITY OBJECIWES ............................. DQO Stage 1: Identification of Decision Types ............. 4.21.1 Identification and Involvement of Data Users ....... 4.2.1.2 Conceptual Site Model ........................ 4.2.1.3 Specification of Objectives and Decisions .......... DQO Stage 2 Identification of Data Uses and Needs ........ 4.2.2.1 Identification of RI Data Uses .................. 4.22.2 Identification of Data Types and Data Gaps ........ 4.2.2.3 Identification of Data Quality Needs ............. 4.2.2.4 Identification of Data Quantity Needs ............ 4.22.5 Evaluation of Sampling and Analysis Options ....... Completeness. and Comparability ................ DQO Stage 3: Design of Data Collection Program .......... 4.3 BASELINE RISK ASSESSMENT ............................ 4.4.1 Establish Site Boundaries .............................. 4.4.2 Determine The Nature of Contamination .................. 4.4.3 Define Extent of Contamination ......................... 4.4.4 Identify Contamination Transport Mechanisms .............. 4.5 QUALITY ASSURANCEIQUALITY CONTROL 4.6 HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS ................... 4.7 DATA MANAGEMENT AND PROJECT RECORDS ............ 4.2.2.6 Review of Precision. Accuracy. Representativeness. 5. CHA RACER IZ ATION OF POTENTlAL PATHWAYS AND 5.1 POTENTLAL PATHWAYS IDENTIFICATION ................. 5.2 CHARACTERIZATION OF PATHWAYS AND RECEPTORS ..... 5.3.1 Potential Pathways of Migration ........................

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) 5.3.2 Potential Exposure Pathways ........................... 62 6.1 WAG 13 TASKS AND WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCKJRE ..... 6.1.3.5 Surface Water and Sediments (FW) .............. 6.1.5 Remedial Investigation Report (WBS 201500) ............. 6.1.6 WAG 13 Project Support (WBS 201600) ................. 6.3 WAG 13 DATA BASE MANAGEMENT ......................

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) 7. FIELD INVESTIGATION TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES ........ 7.2.4 Electrical Resistivity Survey ............................ Drilling and Subsurface Soils Sampling .................... 7.3.1.3 Subsurface Soil Sampling ...................... 7.3.1.5 Vapor Monitoring of the Breathing Zone .......... 7.3.2.3 Well Construction Techniques .................. 7.3.2.5 Documentation of Well Construction ............. 7.3.2.7 Recordkeeping During Well Development ......... 7.3.3 Surficial Soil Sampling ............................... 7.4.2 Monitoring Well Installation Development ................. 7.4.3 Groundwater Level Measurement ....................... 7.4.4.1 Volatile Organics and Immiscible Liquids .......... Groundwater and Surface Water Samples for Metals and Anions ........................ Surface Water and Sediments Sampling ................... 7.4.7 Ambient Air Sampling ................................ 7.3.2 Monitoring Well Construction. Completion,

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7.4.8 Sample Handling and Shipping ......................... Sample Containment and Preservation ............. Sample Packaging and Shipping .................. 7.4.9.1 Sample Numbering System ..................... 7.5.1 Sample Custody Requirements .......................... Sample Custody in the Field ............................ Transfer of Custody and Shipment ....................... 7.5.4 Laboratory Custody Procedures ......................... 7.5.5 Final Evidence Files .................................. 7.6.2.2 Electromagnetic Conductivity Meter .............. 7.6.2.4 Abnormal Site Conditions ..................... 7.7 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MODELING ...................... 7.9 SITE SURVEYING ACTIVITIES ............................ 7.10.2 Development and Purge Waters MOBILIZATION AND DEMOBILIZATION ................... 7.12 FIELD WORK DOCUMENTATION ......................... 7.6 FIELD EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION PROCEDURES 8. QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVES FOR MEASUREMENT DATA IN TERMS OF PRECISION. ACCURACY. COMPLETENESS. REPRESENTATIVENESS. AND COMPARABILITY ................ 106

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) 8.1.2 Contract Laboratory Program Criteria .................... 8.21 Field Instrument Accuracy ............................. 8.2.2 Laboratory Instrument Accuracy ........................ 82.3 Contract Laboratory Program Criteria .................... 9.1.1 Contract Laboratory Program Procedures .................. 112 9.13 Ground Water and Surface Water ....................... 121 9.1.4 Soil and Sediment ................................... 121 10. DATA REDUCTION. VALIDATION AND REPORTING ............. 126 10.1.3 Gas Chromatograph.M ass Spectrometer Data .............. 127 10.3.1 Contract Laboratory Program Reporting 103.2 Standard Operating Procedure 11. INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS ....................... 133 11.1 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS ...................... 133 11.1.3 Equipment Rinsate Blanks ............................. 133 11.1.6 Quality Control Checks for Field Analyses ................. 133

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) 11.2 LABORATORY QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS ............... 11.2.1 Analytical Replicate Analysis ........................... 11.2.2 Surrogate Spike Analysis .............................. 11.2.5 Initial and Continuing Calibrations ....................... QUALITY CONTROL AND AUDIT ......................... 12. SPECIFIC ROUTINE PROCEDURES USED TO ASSESS DATA PRECISION. ACCURACY. AND COMPLETENESS ................. 13.3 SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN ......................... 13.3.3 Surface Water and Sediment ........................... FIELD QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITV CONTROL ..... HEALTH AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ..................... 14.1 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES ............... 149 15. REMEDLAL INVESTIGATION RESULTS ANALYSIS AND REPORTS . .15.1 TECHNICAL INTERIM MEMORANDA ..................... 150 POTENTLAL PATHWAYS AND RECEPTORS .................15.3 BASELINE RISK ASSESSMENT ............................ 151 15.3.1 Step I: Selection of Chemicals of Concern ................ 1S3.2 Step 2: Exposure Assessment 15.3.2.1 Estimation of Exposure Point Concentrations and 15.3.2.2 Estimate of Exposure Point Intakes ............. 154

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) 15.3.3 Step 3: Toxicity Assessment ........................... 153.4 Step 4: Risk Characterization .......................... Nonradioactive Chemical Risk Characterization .... Radiation Exposure Risk Characterization ........ Combining Radionuclide and Chemical Cancer Risks 15.4 SITE INVESTIGATION ANALYSIS .......................... 15.5 PRELIMINARY CHARACTERIZATION SUMMARY REPORT ... 15.3.3.2 Radionuclide Toxicity Assessment .............. APPENDIX A QUALITY ASSURAhCE PROJECT PLAN ............... APPENDIX B HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN ....................... APPENDIX D FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES ........

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LIST OF TABLES 3.1 Preliminary Survey Results of Soil Samples at WAG 13 18 .............. ' 3 2 Soil Survey Results From WAG 13 in 1987 3.3 Results of Gamma Exposure Rate Measurements of the (Results Are Given in Bequerels Per Kilogram) ...................... Contaminated Enclosures and Calculated Exposure Rates at the Same Points After Indicated Shielding (Exposure Rates are Reported in Micro Roentgens per hour) ......................... 3.4 Results of Gamma Exposure Rate Measurements at 1 Meter Above the Water Surface over the Clinch River and Calculated Exposure Rates at the Same Points After Indicated Shielding of the Cesium-Contaminated Enclosures Conducted in September 1987 (Exposure Rates are Reported in Micro Roentgens per hour) ............ 3.5 Results of Gamma Exposure Rate Measurements Taken 1 Meter Above Surface at Points Along the Clinch River and Calculated Exposure Rates at the Same Points After Indicated Shielding of the Cesium-Contaminated Enclosure Conducted in September 1987 3.6 Results of Gamma Exposure Rate Measurements at the Southwest Corners of the Cesium-Contaminated Test Plots and Calculated (Exposure Rates are Reported in Micro Roentgens per hour) ............ Exposure Rates at the Same Points After Recommended Shielding ........ 4.1 Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements for WAG 13 ....... 4.2 Federal Ambient Water Quality Criteria (WQC)(pa) 4.3 Radionuclide Slope Factors and Pathway-Specific Unit Risk 4.5 Remedial Investigation Data Types 4.7 Definition of Analytical Levels 5.1 Potential Human Exposure Scenarios 5.2 Potential Environmental Exposure Scenarios 7.1 Summary of Field Monitoring Equipment Calibration and Use 8.2 Surrogate Spike Control Limits' 9.1 Volatile Organic Compounds Targeted For Analysis 9.2 Semi-volatile Organic Compounds Targeted For Analysis 9.3 Pesticides and PCBs Targeted For Analysis 9.4 Inorganic Constituents Targeted For Analysis 9.5 Analytes To Be Determined By Standard Operating Procedures 9.6 Radiological Analytical Methods .................................. 9.7 Summary of Required Detection Limits For Radionuclides 13.1 Summary of Proposed Sampling at WAG 13 13.2 Quality Control Sample Planned for WAG 13 15.1 Planned Remedial Investigation Report Format ....................... 4.4 Tentative Location-Specific Applicable or Relevant and 4.6 Summary of Site Characterization and Risk Assessment Data Gaps ........ 8.1 Percent Recovery and Relative Percentage Difference Advisory Limits For Matrix Spike and Matrix Spike Duplicate Samplcs' ............

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LIST OF FIGURES 1.1 Location of WAG 13 .......................................... 3.2 Approximate Location of WAG 13 ................................ 3 3 Potentiometric Surface Map of November 1987 and Location 3.4 Locations ofGamma Measurements Taken at SWMU 13.1 on the River. 3.1 Location of 20 WAGS Including WAG 13 ........................... of Test Plots and Piezometer Wells at WAG 13 River Banks and Jones Island .................................... 6.1 Work Breakdown Structure for Phase I Remedial Investigation at WAG 13 ........................................ 6.2 Responsibility Assignment Matrix For WAG 13 Phase I 6.3 Schedule for Performing the Phase I Remedial Investigation at WAG 13 ........................................ 7.1 Planned 100-Ft Geophysical Testing Grid For WAG 13 Environmental Research Area 4.1 Conceptual Model Site WAG 13 .................................. 7.2 Planned Borehole and Monitoring Well Locations at WAG 13 7.3 Standard Monitoring Well Construction 7.5 Examples of Chain-of-Custody Record 7.4 Monitoring Well Construction When Water Table is Near Land Surface ............................................ 13.1 Planned Sampling Locations in the Environmental 13.2 Illustration of WAG 13 Ambient Air Monitoring Locations For West Wind .......................................

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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer as low as reasonably achievable applicable o r relevant and appropriate requirement Allowable Residual Contamination Level American Society for Testing and Materials below detection limit Clean Air Act Chronic Daily Intake Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act Contract Laboratory Program Contract Required Detection Limit Contract Required Quantitation Limit Clean Water Act Derived Concentration Guide Data Quality Objective Division of Water Pollution Control Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. Federal Facilities Agreement Field Services and Support Manager Whatman Type of Glass Fiber Filter Paper Ground Penetrating Radar Health Effects Assessment Summary Table Human intake Factor Volatile Organics Photoionization Detector Hazardous Substance List Inductively Coupled Plasma Integrated Risk Information System Installation Restoration Program Industrial Source Complex Industrial Source Complex Long Term Industrial Source Complex Short Term land disposal restrictions Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level Magnetic Geophysical Survey

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Maximum Contaminant Level Maximum Contaminant Level Goal Method Detection Limit Maximum Exposed Individual Method of Characteristics Method of Standard Additions National Ambient Air Quality Standards Naturally Occurring or Accelerator-Produced Radioactive Material National Bureau of Standards National Contingency Plan National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements National Environmental Policy Act National Environmental Research Park National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health no observed adverse effect level no effect level National Priorities List Notice of Proposed Rulemaking Nuclear Regulatory Commission Nephelometric Turbidity Unit Office of Drinking Water Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Operations Oak Ridge Reservation Occupational Safety and Health Administration Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Precision, Accuracy, Representativeness, Completeness, and Comparability Project Quality Assurance Manager quality assurance manager Quality Assurance Project Plan Ultrasonic Ranging and Detection System Routine Analytical Services Resource Conservation and Recovery Act RCRA Facilities Investigation reasonable maximum exposure relative percent difference

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regional project manager relative response factor Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 Special Analytical Senices Safe Drinking Water Act Secretary of Energy Notice Site Investigation Analysis Select Ion Monitoring Sample Management Office Standard Operating Procedures Soil Organic Vapor System Performance Check Compounds Solid Waste Management Unit Tennessee Code Annotated Target Compound List Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure Tennessee Department of Health and Environment Tentatively Identified Compound Threshold Limit Value Total Organic Carbon Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons Toxic Substances Control Act treatment, storage, or disposal facility Volatile Organic Analytes Volatile Organic Compound Verified Time of Sample Receipt Waste Area Group Work Breakdown Structure Water Quality Criteria

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Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)is currently conducting a program of investigation and assessment of past hazardous waste disposal sites to support selection of corrective measures for environmental remediation. The activity is mandated by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) and the Department of Energy (DOE).Requirements of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) may also apply. It is understood that DOE will comply with the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)as specified in DOE Order 5440.1C (Implementation of the Nationul Enviromentnl Policy Act). Further, DOE Order 5400.4 (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act Requirements)calls for integration of NEPA and Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)requirements for DOE remedial actions at CERCLA sites. This issue has been reaffirmed in the Federal Facilities Agreement (FFA) 51 (A)(3) and 5I(C) and Secretary of Energy Notice of February 5,1990 (SEN-15-90), which was issued to ensure that DOE’SNEPA activities are carried out in a centralized and uniform manner. This document presents the Phase I Remedial Investigation (RI)Plan for Waste Area Grouping (WAG) 13, the Environmental Research Areas which were used to conduct simulated nuclear fallout studies. A WAG is a grouping of Solid Waste Management Units (SWMUs) that are closely located geographically and technically. WAG 13 lies in a level floodplain along the Clinch River near Jones Island and covers about 5 acres (2 hectares) (Figure 1.1). The area was used for research on the effects of nuclear fallout on the environment. Based on prior investigations, this site has been categorized as a SWMU requiring further investigation and remediation (ORNL 1988a).- The current condition of this site is described in detail in Section 3 of this Work Plan. The site-specific plan describes the Phase 1 Remedial Investigation work planned as the initial sites in the remediation process at WAG 11. The objective of the Phase I RI is to gather enough data to develop a baseline risk assessment, which provides the risk to human health and the environment if no remedial actions are taken. In addition to the baseline risk assessment, the Phase I RI data will provide a basis for the follow-on Phase I1 RI and feasibility studies (FS),which will develop remedial alternatives for this site or a decision document justifying that no further action is

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2 OBJECIlVES OF THE PHASE I REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION The objective of the ORNL Remedial Action Program is to provide a comprehensive and cohesive approach for addressing the cleanup of areas where past or present activities have resulted in contamination of facilities or the environment. The overall strategy to implement this program is discussed in the Rojec1 Management Pian for the ORNL RUFS (ORNL 1990b). The objectives of this Phase I RI are to evaluate the adequacy of existing data, identify data gaps, to collect additional data as needed to’establish the existing baseline risk to human health and the environment, and to establish a basis for a follow-on Phase II RUFS. The data needs for WAG 13 are discussed in Section 4. Objectives will be accomplished by collecting and analyzing data needed to assess the risk to human health and the environment. Data Quality Objectives (DQOs) [U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 1987d and 1987el have been established for each element of the sampling program, based on the intended use of data to fulfill project objectives. The project objectives will be accomplished through the completion of the following activities: Civil surveys will be conducted to define the location of specific sampling sites. Surface radiological surveys will be used to determine soil sampling locations. Geophysical surveys will be performed to determine the location of trenches and waste forms and define subsurface structure. Surface and subsurface soils sampling will be conducted in selected areas to provide verification of the existing radionuclide data. Data on potential chemical contaminants are also needed. These areas will be identified after the geophysical and radiological survey results have been analyzed. New groundwater monitoring wells and existing monitoring wells and piezometers will be used to define the nature, distribution, and movement of contaminants in Surface water and sediments within WAG 13 and along the Clinch River will be Terrestrial …