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With the use of tritiated thymidine, which is incorporated only into new deoxyribonucleic acid, and the autoradiographic technique, it has been possible to show that cells capable of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and thus, presumably, of division are present normally in the blood. In the present investigations the number of these cells was followed serially in five men exposed to large doses of whole body radiation in an accident involving fissionable material at the oak ridge national laboratory. Similar studies were performed on irradiated dogs to confirm and extend these observations. Following exposure the number of cells falls drastically within hours. The values then rise gradually, to attain levels exceeding normal approximately ten days after exposure of the human. A second peak exceeding normal levels is noted at approximately forty days. The cells are all of the large mononuclear type. The possible fate and function of these cells are discussed.
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