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TITLE Development o f Techniques and Methods for Medical Application and Env ironmen t a 1 Hea Lth Problems BUDGET AND REPORTING CODE DATE PREPARED H., and Zanzi, I. Effect of calc it on in on the os teo poro tic skeleton. ASSOCIATED UNIVERSITIES, INC. BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY Osteoporosis : Proc. Int. Symp.. on Osteoporosis ; Jeri salem, 1981. CODE WP NUMBER TASK NO. REV. NO. tai ner effects in 56Mn sources for iron determination in the human body by NRS technique. Nuclear Science Symposium. IEEE Trans. on Nuclear Science, Vol. NSXRF t o measure strontium in human bone in vivo. Advances i n X-ray Analysis, C. R. Hubbard, Editor, Vol. 26,p. 415, Plenum Publishing Corp, 1983. Ellis,K. J. Evaluation of body composition and nitrogen content in renal pati ents on chronic dialysis as determined by total body neutron activation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 38, 52-8 (1983).- logical indicators of body burden o f cadmium i n humans. Fund. and Appl. ToxicolConard, R. A. Exposure t of ali out : The Rongelap and ' Uti rik exposure. VIIth Int. Congr. of Rad. Research, Amsterdam, 1983. clear resonance fluorescence to study surface effects. Possible application of nuMassry and R. J. Glassock, Editors, Vol. 2 , Williams and Wilcox, Baltimore, 1983. shape and components o f background in in vivo prompt gamma neutron activation. Nucl I n s t . and Methods 213, 437 ( 1 9 8 3 ) F -- Determinants o f bone mass i n post-menopausal women. Editors, pp. 319-328, Igaku Shoin, Ltd., Tokyo, 1983. U.S. Experience, i n Geriatric Nuclear Medicine, M. I i o and H. N. Wagner,
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TITLE Development o f Techniques and Methods for Medical Application and Environmental Health Problems ASSOCIATED UNIVERSITIES, INC. BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY BUDGET AND REPORTING CODE DATE PREPARED Cohn, S. H. Clinical applications of in vivo neutron activation analysis .--15th Annual Intra - Science Res. Symp. on "Non-Invasive Studies of Body Chemistry," W. Wolf, Editor, Raven Press, New York 1983 (in press). Etti nger,K.V. and Cohn, S. H. Future studies of elemental composition by --i nvivo neutron activation analysis. 15th Annual Intra-Science Res. Symp. on "Non-Invasive Studies of Body Chemistry," W. Wolf, Editor, Raven Press, New York, Dosimetry Symposium, Health Physics Society,Harrisburg, 1982 (in press). Cohn, S. H. Protracted exposure to fallout : The Rongelap and Uti rik Experience. Applications of nuclear techniques for the in vivo body composition studi e s-- a t Brookhaven National Laboratory. for in vivo study of Human Body Composition - June, 1981 (in press). M A Panel Report on Nuclear Based Techniques --I nvivo neutron activation analysis, Chap. 1 7 Textbook o f Nuclear Medicine, o f cadmium i n man: Body burden vs. kidney dysfunction. Envir. Res. Feb., i n Research Opportunities in Bone De mineral iz ation., S. A. Anderson and S. H. Cohn, Editors,Life Science Division,Office of Space Science and Applications, ment of osteoporosis with calc it on in. Metabolism, submitted. models for determination of body fat by in vivo neutorn activation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., in preparation. -- S. H. Nuclear resonance scattering measurement o f human iron stores. Blood, J. Am. SOC. Hematology, submitted.
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Development of Techniques and Methods for Medical Application and Env ir onmen t a 1 Hea 1t h Pro b lems DATE PREPAREDBUDGET AND REPORTING CODE ASSOCIATED UNIVERSITIES, INC. BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY ment of cellular mass and lean body mass by non-invasive. nuclear techniques. Am. CODE WP NUMBER TASK NO. REV. NO. Improved calibration of in vivo determination of body nitrogen, hydrogen and fat. Phys. Med. Biol.,in press. factors for development of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Proc. VII It hInt. Conf. on Calcium Regulating Hormones, Kobe, Japan, 1983, (in press). position studies in health ' and disease. Research, American Nuclear Society - Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, April,1984. Nucl. Methods i n Environmintal and Energy at risk for developing osteoporosis : Determination by total body neutron act iv a - tion analysis.VI11Int. Conf. on Calcium Regulating Hormones, Kobe, Japan, 1983. for bone loss in the pathogen es is of postmenopausal osteoporosis.VII It hInt. Conf. on Calcium Regulating Hormones, Kobe, Japan, 1 9 8 3 . significance with respect to kidney and liver cadmium burden. J. Toxicology Environ. Health, submitted. I. Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic in man because of its long biological half - life. It accumulates in liver and kidney as a metal lo protein, reaching a maxst it ute a health hazard and can result in a long-term toxic effect in man. For the general population,the chief hazard i s kidney damage through continual lowlevel absorption of cadmium and its accumulation inthe kidney. Cadmium has also been proposed as a causative factor in human hypertension. Prolonged exposure t o cadmium from the environment can conA major problem i s the assessment of concentrations of cadmium inthe kidney; concentrations in blood and urine are of little value as an index of kid - ney burden. Cadmium concentrations have now been measured i n kidney and liver in large numbers of subjects with the use of prompt gama neutron activation. The