Operation Redwing, a Preliminary Report of () (Zuni) (Deleted)

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Water Wave Studies . of Various Shapes T?ocketDetermination of the Activity Distribution Within the Stabilized Cloud. ........... Collection and Characterization of Fallout With Fallout Locat~on and Delineation by Aerial Fallout and of

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project 2.71 - Relative Importance of the Various Radiation project 2.9 - Standafi RecoverY Procedue for Tactical Project 2.10 - Verification of Mashdom Effectiveness as a Shipboard Radiological Countemeaswe. ...... Project 4.1 - Biomedicd Effects - Flash Blindness and Thermal Flux and Albedo Measurements from Accurate Location of Electromagnetic Pdse Effects of Atomic Explosion on the Ionosphere. . . Flush I(ountedAntennas and Photo Tubes for Yield project 6.5 - Analysis of Electromagnetic Pulse Prtiuced by

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Measurement of Alpha and Timing. Fireball and Bhangmeter. .... Project 23.7 and 2?.4 - Time Interval and Time and Pressure Project 23.5 - Remote Time Measurements ..........

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m---was detonated as the Zuni shot on the ground at the west end of Eninman Icland, Eikini Atoll, at 0556:00.3 on Nay 289 l’756~and appeers to heve oyeratetivery closely 8s predicted./

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Observed Weather at Shot Time Fig. C-2 - Scientific Stations and Zero Point

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BIKINI OESERVED WEAT=R FOR 28 MAY 1956 ZUNI SHOT TIME 055& Sea Level Pressure Surface Observation: (taken aboard USS ESTES) Aircraft Observation: (of Eikini Area) 4 to 7/10 Cirrus and Noshoder activity observed either visually or by radar at shot time. STATE OF SEA open sea; wave heights 6 feet; ‘eriod 6 ‘econdso ‘irectionono” Sea water temperature, 83°F.

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EN IN MAN – Fig. O-2 - Scientific Stations and Zero Point

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Blast and Shock Measurements Xaj . H.T. Bingh Nuclear Radiation and Effects CDR D.C. Campbell Tests of Service Equipment and Lt Col C.W. Bankes Thermal Radiation and Effects CDR A.H. Higgs

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The objective of the particiy.ticn of Project 1.1 on the &zges were installed for Zuni. There were IL pt gages and 4 q ~yjerc ~a~ a precurscr wave recorded on both blast lines. The ?ke values at the clcse in st~tims show a deviation from the pressure distznce curve plotted frm the pressure values predicted for nno feet follow the predicted pres-peak overpressure values beym~ E,...I sure distance curve for a yield of 3-5 MT at zero height of ?xmst over a poor surface. There is a v’idespread between the pressuzzevalues recor-ledat 7020 f<et on biirikku and 6900 feet on Eninman Complex. It is believe3 that this difference is real and not a gage error. If the date.paints from Eniirikku are ccnnected a precursor type pressure-

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distmce curve is obtained. A compressibility factor for Mach flow ua~ ap~lic~ to the dynarn~c pressure Tdlues from the ~i~mn co?l~!cX. The corrected values are plotted in Fig. 1.1-1. Alo~g with the correctd values a curve is plotted using the calculated values from the equation:

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the mechanical effects of a water surface on shock the thermal effects, if any, resulting from heating of air near the ground surface on shock transmission. To determine peak shock overpressure as a function of distance both at the surface (water) and above ground zero. The instrumentation for this shot consisted of Rockets were fired from a station on Eniirikku 60001 from ground zero. The cameras were located on The rocket instrumentation and the photographic The films were of very high quality and can be used to obtain all three objectives. The prelimina~ inspection of the film shows no thermal effects in the field of view of project films.

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VEHICLE RESPONSE STUDY The vehicles were e~osed on this shot to obtain information which would supplement data from operation CASTLE. Due to weapon dfffidties for one shot and lack of land area for the second shot, the data obtained on that operation were considered insufficient to make ccncrete conclusions. This was especially true for transition from light to severe Ten vehicles (truck, ~ ton, 4 x 4, utility, Yodel ~ - WIT) were set up at six stations. One side-on vehicle was placed at 6900 feet from ground zero. TWO vehicles were arranged at 83C0, 10,400, 11,700 and 1?,800 feet stations; one side-on and one face-on at each station. One vehicle was placed side-on at 16,500 feet. Steel sties were driven in the ground at each station to facilitate displacement measurements. Ema.luationof the damage revealed ve~ severe dam~ge to all the vehicles at the 69oo, 8300, 10,400, and 11,700 feet stations except face-on at 8300 feet were completely demolished. The face-on vehicle at 10,400 feet was intact except that the engine was thrown out. The face-on vehicle at 11,700 feet and side-on at 13,800 feet were moderately damaged. The face-on vehicle at 13,800 feet and side-on vehicle at 16,500 feet were lightly damaged. None of the vehicles were considered suitable

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for immediate combat usability. Parts were strewn as far as 1000 feet from the original vehicle location for the demolished vehicles while the least displacement was 50 feet for the side-on vehicle at 16,500 feet. The effect of the water wave was not clearly evident from the evaluation although it is felt that the water wave did contribute to displacement and damage. Preliminary studies of pressure records indicate no extreme water wave. In general, the desired transition of damage levels was attained. A more thorough analysis will be made later. Based on preliminary studies the damage agrees with predicted damage levels using the formula and curves found In consequence of the failure of the Operaticn CASTLE, the 6 x 6 x 12 foot target structure use,$tthenat WEniirikku by Project 3.1 was reinstrumented for the- (Zuni) Shot of Operation PJSDWING. The objectives were to obtain, for moderate blast pressties, diffraction-pressure versus time curves at various points on the surface of the structure and to make comparisons of these with similar curves obtained on l/36th scale mtiels tested in a shock tube. Thus, prediction methods of diffraction loading could be extended to was fitted with

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reluctance, pressure gages. The gage pressure ranges were assigned on the basis of an expected free-field over-pressure of 17.5 psf at the structure and on shock tube diffraction studies. Two free-field stations were used to give pressure-time ad q - The expected ideal blast wave incident on the target structure was not realized, but instead, a distorted 22 psi wave with a slow rising front was recorded. This precluded an attempt to compare the data with that from the shock tube, but the possibility with data obtained from the passage of a precursor wave size cubicle on Operation TEAPOT still exists. Neither nor means for analysis of these data are available at the Pacific

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The objective of this project is to obtain measurements of the physical characteristics (radius, depth and average profile) of the crater produced bJ the detonation of atomic weapans at the surface of the ground. It is a further objective of this project to correlate at the Pacific Proving at the X“vailaTest Zite. On D # 6 lea~ line souniings were made of the crater area. he at an erroneous ground zero (ep~~ximately lCO feet due south of its true position) thus all rays rurIparzllel to the cne surveyed before

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below the datum plane (6 inches below mean low water springs) at grcumd zero. A prcfile Of a sFccial ssunding is shown ti Fig. l.~-l.

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The object was to measure initial and resi~ual gamma radiation Standard film hajges and quartz fiber clos!meterswere distributed at varicus positions throughout Pi~i2i Atoll ~n~ clnthe Ship stati3ned Since all of the results are tctal expcsures it was necessary to cmta.m:n~%i?~ h-as 150 rocntgms for the lam? sktions and 15 roentgens from a few of the stations is questionable. I?cwever,a curve based on all of the data should be of value. TzbIe ,?.1-1gives the initial results. The initie.1gmma exposure results are in reasmable agreement

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To measure residual g- radiation intensity as a time at lan3 fallout stations, and to measure the initial gamma intensity vs time for a high yield air bwst. The initial ~amm dose rate vs time was to be detected by scintillator-Fhot.o~tiFlier detectors hrithtime response to 10 msec.

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To stuilythe contaminati~n of various types of building surfaces To study the effeztlvencss o.- various ilec~ntaminationprocedures} and thus obtain data on the radiological reccmzry of millt~ry install- (less than 7 mr/hr) th~t the statistical errar was too large to give a meaningful result. All of the panels are from the YAG-40. Residual percentages shawn in this table are base~ on panel contamination levels as measned in the project area. Investigations will be made to determine the amount o.= orjginal fallout contamination which

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It must be pointed out that the given data are of a g-rosscharacter and are not to be interpreted as being final results for the

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To understand the oceanography of the ocean area where fallout is ~Wecte,q in Order to etirapalate the observed fallout ~ttern ~ck to the Task Fcrce. q time at depth int.ermls of 20 meters downradioactivity as a fu.ction o. to 100 meters. A time of arrival starting pulse was supplied by Project 2.63.

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sities with time at ~~rious ~istances from high yielziland, water and air thermcmuclear detm%%ions. TO stuzy these samples from e%rly at 1300 on Z ~ 1, with some from ab~ut 14 minutes at the rafts tc abo’~t28 minutes at Aomoen and I!iki3iIs13.ncls.Prior to this event one Incremental Collector on the minutes; thus, since each of these instm.ents operate3 as planned,

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god definition b~th of the fallout front an~ of the total fdlcut of the YAC-40 all instrumwts aboard the operated during the fallout period. The monito~ mounted on the boom three project ships uere close to the estabilishea line of m~ximum fallout and received a (Y+7)0 Samples k’ereohtaind by the Special Incremental Collector collapsed during this pericd, a~~ of the beh=v~cr of fallout wnder such c~niitions. tie to

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To survey the gamma ra~iation from areas using an aircraft borne detector. To make air absorption measurements to correlate the aircraft date with the intensities measure5 at the surface of the sea. tectors to record the dose rate ar~iving through the thin aircraft skin from a water surface below. with cme aircraft. The area north of Pikini Atoll from 3150 to 45° T to a distmce of ahaut 175 miles was covered by the surveys. The contaminated area extenjed north of Bikini approximately 125 miles between the bearings Program 2 Control Center telemeter system did not the htensity measured at the aircraft was relayed to the Program 2 struct a plot showing rougfly the characteristics of the contaminated

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Project 2.65 - Analysis of Fallout and of Base Surge - M. Morgcnthau The general objectives of project 2.65 participation in R??DKING were to: Obtain fallout samples on land anflto perform radiophysical and radiochemical measurements on the samples; prepare dose rate contours of the atoll area from information gathered by this project, other projects, and Rad Safe; and emluate the role of the base surge ra3tGactivlty. Radioskenical analysis will be perfcrmei on the IFC inating event independent of the fallout=,,,% Aerial survey data for the& are sham in Table 2.65-1. The

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taken on three successive days were plctted as for seven represeniatlve isl~n4s. The field gaT.rn~ data, ard ra~iochemical data is in prc&rFss. be a~%ilable in time for inclusior~in the of this infcrmzti reFDYt Et the eni of the oF~ra-prelhi~~rY

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To collect and evaluate d%t~ relating to radiation dose rate vs To measure and evalu~te the ra+fation hazards associated with the residual contamination on aircraft which have flobm through thermonuclear clouilsat early times after detmcticn. The extent and quality cf the residual contamination on the aircraft after landing. at altitudes varying from 38,000 feet to 46,0W feet. These penetrations ~~JiPflpenetrationswere all in which the pilot flies into the c1o.I3, makes a 130 degree turn a?l~ ?Iies out of the C~OU~. The tivc in the radioactive cloud varied from 2 to 4 minutes. The ~ose rates in the cIaud an~ the total dose received on the mission were as pre~icted or below. ~.,,.- The average dose ra.t.es 37 r/hr respectively. The total doses received by the pilots were 1215,

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To determine the relative radiation dase rates contrihted by cmtamination ~f the air envel~pe, xater envelope, and the ship’s To detemine the time depen~ent gmma ray combined absorption and scattering coefficients of steel to be use3 in future calculations of shieldhg effectiveness. TC ficl: test new an: i?nprave~detector systems. in the ship as a functfm of time for the follo-~ingpurposes: Check p3i3%s for future shielqing calculations. operational control of the test ~hi?s. deFth of between 20 and 30 feet; Air free field - 2 Pi radiation field

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on the ship’s deck resultin~ from contaminants in the air surrounding The relative contributions by the various smrces were compared both in a region which was washed ~o’m a.n~in a regim which was um~shed, It was n~ted that on the deck of a wzshdam protected ship the air ccmtribution Las 99 perce~t of the tdal dose rate and 80 percent of the totzl dcse at the time of maximum fall~utj and 25 percent of the total dose at the time thQt the fallout stopped. The water contribution uas virtimlly izztg~ifiemt, the dose accurm~latetikas 400 mr up to the time that the YA5-4Qleft the area. cm~.req as a function of cylinder thickness and time. Least square For surface detonations A ‘here1atived3sage contribution from the cgnta.ni~xtejwater apyeared to be insignificant.

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To determine the relative effectiveness of various proposed ship and personnel protection and reclamation methods. DESCRIPTION AND EXPERIMTNTAL PR@CEDUP& These studies consisted of 8 problems to be carried out on the YAG-39 and YAG40 and at the Rad Safe center on Parry. These 8 pr~ blems involved the study of the effectiveness of various shipboard protective methods, decontamination methods, hazard assessment methods, personnel protection and decontamination methods, and basic contaminRXSULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The experimental hot water sensitive paint (PR?C) used in these point, however it was successful from the standpoint of removability and decontaminability. Removal rates varied from 10 square feet per minute using a lZ50 gph hot liquid jet unit to approy~mately 20 square feet per minute using a 6000 gph unit. prior fireho~i% removed 87 percent of the contaminant and the strippin~ of the RRPC removed approximately 85 percent of Stripping of the FRPC this residual, for an overall remov~ of 98 percent. without firehosing removed 95 percent of the The decontamination effectiveness of the mechanical to be inferior to manual brushing. The =nu=l sc~bbing test we.svery vigorous and after a matter of minutes the brush was found demanded in this Contaminated small diameter wire ropes contribute very little to

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the radiation field when extended, but in the coiled position they may A snythetic resin sealer applied to a canvas material was found to greatly increase the decontaminability of canvas. 1 It was found that firehose presents no serious radiation hazard when extended, but in the coiled up position the survey readings were hi&her by a factor of 10 than those taken along the length of the hose. siderable contamination. Some smples in the non-washdown area were reading as high as 1200 mr/hr on D + 2. The samples are now being processed by coring and slicing to determine …