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Machine-read from the scan, so expect some errors. Lines that couldn’t be read are left out.
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BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE RELATED WORK (With Some Contractor or Others) This program 1s integrated with other AEC programs in this area and is closely correlated with relevant work of other . MANPOWER AND COST DATA- ESTIMATED FOR FISCAL YEARS 60. DIRECT MANPOWER (Man Years) TEMPORARY PAID BY ANL TEMPORARY PAID BY OTHERS TEMPORARY PAID BY ANL TEMPORARY PAID BY OTHERS TOTAL OTHER TECHNICAL FY 1971 BUDGET REQUIREMENTS FY 1973 TOTAL MAN YEARS 194.0 197.1 4.0 207.4 MATERIALS AND SERVICES i ,954 2,178 81 2,440 06-01 Interaction of Radiation and Control of Radiation Exposure to Man
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REPOSITORY: OFFICE OF HUMAN RADIATION COLLECTION: PLUTONIUM INJECTION INVESTIGATION FOLDER: EXTRA COPIES FROM ROCHESTER FILES
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06-02 Assessment, Evaluation and Control of Radiation Expo sure to Man and His See individual 189's for detail. 6 e . Equipment Obligations (In Thousands) 06-01 Interaction of Radiation with -02 Assessment, Evaluation and Control of Radiation Expo sure to Man and His Envi r onm ent 241 180 - 222 See individual 189's for detail. The following equipment items are for general use with Medical Research Division and are, Animal Cage Washer IBM Key Punch High Level Gamma Beam Cobalt-60 Source and Mechanism Cryogenic Stage f o r Scanning Lanthanum Hexabor ide Electron Gun f o r Scanning Microscope Minor Items - Animal Quarters Minor Items - Other General Total General Equipment n the Biological and therefore, not allocated directly to
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BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (1) An expanded neutron and gamma ray toxicity program which has a s its pri - mary aim the study of late effects (neoplasia, degenerative diseases, and impair - ment of physiological function) in the mouse and other rodents from neutrons and gamma rays. Studies of radiation effects in chickens and in some other species Biology and Medicine Program BUDGET ACTIVITY NO. ANL 60300-67500 Summary (BIM, RPY, ERP, CHM, Explanation of Equipment Items High Level Gamma Beam Cobalt-60 Source and Mechanism The present high intensity cobalt-60 source in the high level gamma room was 12,000 curies in 1963 and has decayed to less than half its original intensity. Replacement by as aur ce of similar design would b e uneconomical in view of the high cost of high specific activity cobalt-60. It is proposed to retain the present mechanism and sources while adding a further mechanism containing 20,000 curies of cobalt-60. The physical arrangement of the proposed source permits standard cobalt-60 to be used and yet would permit uniform exposures of small samples at higher dose rates than in the present achieved in amost economic way. The high level gamma room is operated as a facility available to all staff members in the Division. Most users are in programs concerned with the effects of radiation on living organisms ; however some are in the molecular and cellular level studies. The maximum flexibility and operational convenience would be The program of the Division of Biological and Medical Research has been dras - tically revised and the staff reorganized into seven m a j o r groups. neutron and gamma ray toxicity (Janus), a new program in carcinogenesis, a new program in aging, biochemistry, biophysics, microbial and mammalian genetics, and the metabolism of fission products in dogs. The separately budgeted activity on Combating Detrimental Effects of Radiation is under the administrative management of the biochemistry group leader. In many of the programs established in the past, substantial revisions in content and orientation have also been In the budget category, "Effects of Radiation on Living Organisms," all the p r e - viously independent effort in toxicology studies, in theoretical biology, in the Janus program, in cell kinetics, and in mechanisms of carcinogenesis have been grouped into one of the following three programs :
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have been phased out. of value in predicting the effects of low level irradiation in srrlall m a m m a l s , and eventually in man. The Janus program is still aimed a t establishing results (2) A new program in aging having three principal experimental facets : studies involving the aging of erythrocyte membranes, and immunological phenomena in fish and in m i c e ; studies on the comparative biology of rodents, p a r - ticularly two species with similar physiological and anatomical characteristics but widely different lifespans; and the testing of mathematical theories of mortality- and the perturbations induced by radiation and other stresses. (3) A completely modified new program in carcinogenesis. The three main approaches to this problem include the biochemical basis for the promoting effect of phenobarbital on AAF-induced hepatocarcinogenesis; the r o l e of differentiation in carcinogenesis; and test systems involving skin carcinogenesis in hairless mice, the role of genetic factors in genetic defect strains, and the potential of --i n vitro transformation in quantitating carcinogenesis at the cellular Each of the three major programs described above relates intimately to the others and in some cases personnel have responsibilities in all three areas since reduction in lifespan (aging) and induction of tumors (radiation carcinogenesis) a r e the principal l a t e toxic effects of chronic irradiation. In both of the new programs, investigators have been drawn from other budget activities, notably biochemistry, and the programs so far envisaged are to be regarded as being at a comparatively early stage of development. They are expected to consolidate and form a more focused effort within the next budget year as the participants intera c t with one another. The activity formerly described separately as Laboratory Animal Medicine now forms an integral part of several programs. Molecular and Cellular Level Studies now include only biochemistry and biosonnel into other programs. The remaining research activities include several involved in the search for mechanisms of metabolic control and include studies on the kinetics and regulation of enzymes in mammalian cells, physiological and bi0chemica.l studies on irradiated yeast, and studies in plant physiology involving hormonal and metabolic aspects of radiation response. The biochemistry program has been greatly reduced by transfer of per - The biophysics program has five well developed research interests which range f r o m investigation of events a t the cellular level to those at the molecular level. The former includes one program on the radiosensitivity of cells (especially synchronous cells as a function of cell generation cycle position) and another on circadian rhythms in eukaryotic cells. The molecular level studies include determinations of macromolecular structure using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and X - r a y crystallographic and chemical methods. Measurement of s t a b l e isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen in analytical studies by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry is being developed as a technique for the
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-- BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Biology and Medicine Program , BUDGET ACTIVITY NO. u s e of stable isotopes in clinical diagnostic procedures. part of the biochemistry program. This was previously a There are four projects in microbial genetics which utilize bacterial systems to understand genetic mechanisms. One concerns the replication and regulation of cellular DNA in - -E. coli, another the organization and function of the bacterial chromosome (of -B. subtilis), a third the lethal effects of radiation in the genetic material of - -E. coli, and finally a project on the genetic and physiological effects of ultraviolet and visible light. A smaller effort in mammalian genetics is about to extend studies on radiation-induced sex-linked mutation rates in the mouse from single-marked systems to mutation induction studies with a double marked The project on the metabolism of fission products in dogs h a s been extensively revised and is being coordinated with other external radiation toxicity programs in this Division. It is expected that these changes will r e s u l t in a productive effort which will contribute important information toward better predictions of radiation effects in man. The program has been reduced in numbers of both per - sonnel and dogs, while a t the s a m e time some experimental aspects have been enlarged. We will concentrate on the external gamma ray exposure of dogs at level now down to 5 R/day (and soon to r e a c h 2 R/day). At the lower level, lifespan is expected to b e reduced by a factor of -2. essential baseline for the toxicity of the fission products, before additional work with cerium-144 and cesium-137 is undertaken; and second as a vital l i n k betweer the extensive external radiation toxicity studies in the mouse to their eventual exploitation in understanding effects in man, especially a f t e r low doses. This program will serve first as an Work on the toxicity of the actinide elements is continuing at past levels but with s o m e broadening of scope to include studies on the removal of deposited plutonium with chelating agents, using dogs as well as mice. The major revisions of the overall Division program outlined above are expected to result in amore coordinated approach for the Division's research effort, since many formerly fragmented projects have been consolidated into a limited number of aims. Nevertheless, it i s intended to preserve the independence of individual investigators by their individual contributions to these aims. The aims also have m a n y common elements, and effective collaboration among groups is expected to Loss of personnel due to reduced funding h a s limited the range of
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competences available to our programs, and a serious lack has been the loss of vitality resulting from the absence of new personnel and new temporary and postdoctoral visitors. An effort to remedy this situation will be made in F Y 1972 and in ensuing years. In addition, student programs have been developed further, and the 1971 summer graduate program in radiobiology will bring a substantial number of graduate students to the Division fora limited time. Teaching affiliations with various universities in the area have been expanded, and we expect additional joint, appointments to develop in both the medical and the basic sciences.A firmer base has been established in the academic community with the development of student programs and visiting lecture series in the AUA universities v i a the AUA-ANL Biology Committee. The program of the Radiological Physics Division includes research in four sciences, and 4) radiation physics. 1) internal emitters,2) aquatic and terrestrial ecology, 3 ) atmospheric The internal emitter research, conducted by that portion of the division called the Center f o r Human Radiobiology, is presently oriented heavily toward evaluation of the effects of internally-deposited radium in man. The toxic effects of th oro tra st and the deposition in lung and bone of the radon daughter products encountered in uranium mining a r e also under consideration, as indeed a r e all The aquatic and terrestrial ecology program is oriented in two directions. The largest is the Great Lakes Program, which is concerned with the consequences of thermal and radioisotope additions to Lake Michigan from electrical generating plants and industrial operations sited along the shores of the lake. A smaller program in terrestrial ecology, which has engendered a large number of profitable interactions with surrounding colleges and universities, makes use of the unique facilities of this laboratory, not the l e a s t of which is the extensive land available for environmental studies. The atmospheric sciences section is involved with urban meteorology, air pollution, and the micrometeorology of local heat sources. This latter involves the mechanisms by which heat is transferred from bodies of water or cooling towers into the surroundings. The radiation physics section is engaging in a new program of electron scattering and is continuing work on energy transfer processes. The unique strength of this group is derived f r o m its intimate mix of theoreticians and experimental The most pressing problem facing the Radiological Physics Division at this time is lack of adequate space. At the present staffing level, the division is s o r e l y pressed to find laboratory and office space. Further increases in manpower are vitally necessary in two areas ; the Center for Human Radiobiology and the Great their programmatic requirements, yet space for the additional people is not Both programs need additional manpower in order to fulfill
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BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Biology and Medicine Program - Assessment, Evaluation and Control of Radiation Exposure to Man and H i s Environment , BUDGET ACTIVITY NO. 63100 through 67500 Summary (BIM, RPY, CHM, Numerous other studies a t universities and work sponsored by various ESTIMATED FOR FISCAL YEARS. MANPOWER AND COST DATA 60. DIRECT MANPOWER (Man Years) TEMPORARY PAID BY ANL TEMPORARY PAID BY OTHERS TEMPORARY PAID BY ANL TEMPORARY PAID BY OTHERS TOTAL OTHER TECHNICAL TOTAL MAN YEARS FY 1971 BUDGET REQUl REMEN TS FY 1973 PRE SID EN T’S INCREMENT A L MATERIALS AND SERVICES 543 76 2 56 878