Document text
Machine-read from the scan, so expect some errors. Lines that couldn’t be read are left out.
Page 2
BIOLOGY ANI) MEDICINE presence of A6T (S,fl-aminoethylisothiuronium), the LDSO was raised t o 1148 r; inthe case of bone marrow treatment the IDSO was 1292 r; and w i t h combination treatment the IJ)sO was 1863 r. Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies Medical Division. The 20-channel pulse-height analyzer has been put i n t o \ Preliminary work i s being completed atthe Cook County Hospital on thei operation in Medical Division facilities and i s now being used on patients in the ORINS Hospital, I cesium extended-source problem, done as part of the tele therapy subcontract, 1% has been found that t h e radiation over a transverse section of a phantom within a circular extended source was uniform within 15 tothe center of the phantom was increased by a factor of 3. It is expected that this work will be reported atthe EXghth International Congress of Radiology i n Mexico City in July 1956, With mild collimation consisting of 30 lead fins,the dose University Relations Division. a t the invitation of Dr. John Ivey, director of Southern Regional Education Board, t o discuss their proposed "Atomic Energy Project" created by a resolution of t h e Southern Governors' Conference on October 20, energy some time i n the Summer of 19%. A conference was held i n Atlanta, Georgia, iIt is planned by SREB t o develop a regional conference on atomic
Page 3
BXOLOGP AND MEDICINE Oak Ridge National I a bora to q Genetic and Cytogenetic Effects of Radiations. Stentor, has a surface layer of cytoplasm which is organized intoa The large protozoan, complex structure and can be regenerated after part of it is removed by cutting, This makes it possible to investigate the effects of radiation on the ability of the cell to synthesize specific structural proteins as well as increase i n overall size. r of X-rays causes slow decrease in size but even after this dose t h e animals can regenerate new surface structures. vent the general synthesis of proteins required for increase in size without preventing the synthesis of the specific proteins-required for the formation of the cell surface. the animal becomes abnormal in shape apparently as a result of an abortive spontaneous attempt t o reorganize the cell surface. normal animals'are produced when the irradiated animals are cut within a few hours after irradiation. The cut animals regenerate normally,and this regeneration apparently prevents the later abortive reorganization, ' Probably some effect of the radiation, which does not inhibit the fornation of new surface structure but causes it t o be partially disorganized, reaches its mimum about a day after irradiation and can be avoided i f the cell can be prevented from reorganizing at that time. has no effect on retardation of growth, Irradiation with doses of about 200,000 Thus, radiation can preA day after irradiation, however,
Page 4
BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Pathology and Fhysiology. A single exposure of RF mice t o X-rays.was observed t o cause a substantially greater inci'dence of weloid: leukemia i n males than i n females; following a dose of 300 rthe incidence was approximately &;%i n males and 11%i n females, a s compared t o 1-3% in nonirradiated controls of both sexes. ale inhibited the formation of this leukemia, whereas ovariectomy of the female was without e f f e c t on its incidence. Gonversely, the susce pti bil it y of the sexes of the induction of lymphoid leukemia and the effects of gonadectomy on its development were the reverse of those observed i n connection with we loi d leukemia. Although endocrihe factors had previously been recognized t o play a significant role in the formation of lymphoid leukemia, t h e present studies demonstrate their importance i n t h e pathogenesis of myeloid leukemia and indicate, furthermore, that these two types of leukemia differ fundamentally i n their response t o hormonal influences, he irradiation castration of the The lens of the newborn mouse was observed to be significantly more sensitive t o X-irradiation than that of the adult, exhibiting rapid opacification within one month after exposure t o a single dose of 300 r. The opacities noted inthe newborn differ in location and configuration fromthose observed in the irradiated adulf; these differences may be correlated with variations ' in the radio sensitivity of different regions of the lens occurring i n t h e course of development and growth. E am lian Radiation Recovery. isologous bone mrrow (same s t r a i n of mouse) with homologous bone marrqn (different strain of mouse) shows homologous bone marrow t o be about onehalf as effective in causing 3O-day survival of irradiated mice. Changing the dose of homologous cells did not significantly improve correlate with failure of the lymphatic system of the mouse t o regenerate. The food intake of irradiated mice i n the homologous experiment was n o t ; significantly different from the isologous experiment. Recovered mice that received heterologous (rat) bone mrrow showed no h ~ Wo logi cresponse torat red blood cell ahtigens and practically no response t o sheep red blood c e l l antigens. With massive doses of isologous bone inarrow, recovery of the irkadiated mice is essentially complete infar days, whereas ordinary doses show complete recovery i n 10-12 days, Irradiated mice showed marked increase i n bone marrow cell counts within 20 min. after a massive injection of isologous bone marrow. culture of bone marrow cells for two days demonstrated effectiveness i n causing survival of irradiated mice. A8.comparison of t h e effectiveness of The reduced effectiveness of homologous bone marrow seem t o