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Declassified record · U.S. Department of Energy

An Overview of Research in Radiation Biology and Protective Measures in the Manhattan Project During the War Years 1942-1946

Document type
Report
Length
5 pages
Open the original scanArchive record OSTI ID 16124372 · public domain

Document text

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Page 1

D. Identification of research sites. F. Organization and personnel. Origin of the Biomedical Program. Identification and evolution of objectives. Chronological history of program structure and develop nt. General. Activities of the Division of Biology and Medicine, Manhattan District Corps of Ehgineers. Chronolqical history of specific program Identification and evolution of objectives. Orientation and overview of research. Description and thrust of radiobiological studies. 1) Acute, chronic, and segmented or periodic 2) Rats, mice, and guinea pigs. 2) Special hematological studies. 3) Turror induction stdies. 3 . Neutron and gartuna ray expsure. 4. Effect of slow neutrons. 5. Effects of external Beta radiation. b. Types of biological species. c. Acute and chronic expsure. Distribution of internal emitters i n the body.6. 7. Effects of internal emitters. 8. Studies on uranium toxicity. 9. Yiscellanious research activities. 10. Accessory bit md ical research projects. b. Columbia University Project. 1) Measurement of fast neutrons 2) Effects of small daily doses of fast neutrons. c. University of California. 1) Human whole body irradiation.

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A. Chronological history of program structure Identification and evolution of objectives. Orientation and overview of research. 1) Specific objectives of the experiments. 2) Protocol of the experkwnts. 4 ) Variety of animal species studied. 5) Criteria of biological change. 1) Physical characteristics of uranium dust. 2) Effects of uranium on biochemical systems 3 ) Natural and aquhed tolerance. 4) Distribution, absorption, and excretion in an kl tissue. Nature and thrust of studies on radiation hazards and radiation biology. a. Radiation exposure mnitoring. b. Radiation lethality experiments. c. Mechanisms of radiation effect. 3 . Biological Research Section. Metabolism, distribution, and excretion of Polonium and Radium in a nhl s and hms. Comparative lethal dose studies of Radium,-. 4 . Surgical therapeutic msures. a. Transplantation of bone marrow. b. Transplantation of organs A. Chronological history of program structure Identification and evolution of objectives. Orientation and overview of research. Study of ionizing radiation on fish.- - A b. Internally distributed elerrents. e. Chemical and temperature effects.

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2. Protocol of experiments. Varieties of SaMn and Goldfish studied. 4. Observations and surmxy. (Reported through the University of Chicago) A. Chronological history of program structure Identification and evolution of objectives. Orientation and overview of research. Metabolic distribution of selected fission products and metablic tracer studies.- 2. Exploration of therapeutic reasurements. a. Classification of fission elements by metabolic distribution. b. Es th tion of pssible hazards. Identification and evolution of objectives. Orientation and overview of research. 1. Clinical hematology research. 2. Health physics research. Activities related t o the Alamagordo3. 4. Biophysical studies inconjunction With Plutonium mtablism in r a t and man. 5. Plutonium measurement i n biological 7. Plant personnel mnitoring. HAZARD CONTROL AND ESTABLISHMENT OF STANDARDS OR LIMITS A. Survey of hazards.

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Identification of hazard sources. 1. Uranium and decay products. 2. Special considerations of Radium. Discussion of transuranic ekmeIItS. Review of radiation hazards from pos sale accidents. Discussion and review of radiation survey instrurrents. Developnent of protection manuals. Mica1 developments a t Oak Ridge. Special functions of bianedical organization. Sumnary and survey of general research activities. Impact and support of Bidi cal activities.

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