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and to date no appI*ovctls hod !ieeii obtained froir? the tipper echelolis (8) Scheduling of the air pollution study was then discussed and the rc.al.ities of budgeting and procurement qui cl dy led to a concensus that it- vias unrealistic to expcci a coord in at cd field progrnm to being Lc..fore tlie S1iINilC::' of 13 73.
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The mce.Liiig agreed that there shoiild bc some direct comate St. Louis agencies of the possibility of 311 air pollution mr ii cation rather soon before rum0i-s reached St. Louis anda ne gt T veal - t it u dc was adopted. The suggestion that was most biiddle-toii. T1ii.s ledto an agmenieiit l-hat each of the agencies maries of trheir p;-oposed progams. Alt-shi.il:l.cr pointed out that he would first have to brief (1.0) Enclorsemi?i: of the project by the Council 011 Air Quality vas SECT! as essential. Funding for the project, whetlier asa items .through exist ki g channels, was likely contingent on such was rc co pix c ? d th nt the exchange of surrtnaries discuss cd in (9) alJ,ovc rtloultl II Ca first step inga thc i * ing material for the brief - The nie e ting did not de cid.r w1:o should undertake _LLO prep me ab ~ icfi ~ gpaper t o the COUIICLL on Air Quality hut it (11) $10 date was set for the next rneet.jn2.
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5T. LCJIS A I R POLLUTIOS STUDY Prepared E?C a working ;?apex for the informal working committee on the St. Nat:io:;al Center f o r Atmospheric Research E ou lder, Colorado details, and budgeti.rig for the Proposed NCAR "Fate of Pollutants " Study. The second rect ion discuss cs the interaction of the NCAR study with the sc pn rate set of object iv csis listed in Section 11. These are objectives which are acirlcva'uie i n ;L joint study, buc wnicr. can only he met wit : h . difficulty by the iiidfvidual studies. study vrhich it is props ed that NCAR carryout in th cSt. Louis area. Objectives and ex pcr in ent nl designs described here in arc limited to that required io do this study. be or nj tt edif dz ta front he jo i ht studies are ova ila hle. Such data I n some instances, proposed measurements nay requii:ci::ents are described in Section 11. -A . General. Tile Atmospheric Clicqistry Program a t XCAR has,in tlic past *few years, dcvelcped substantial cocipetcrice and interest in the nieasurcment and inter pre rat i.on of the "background" geochemical levels of a number of pollutants,particularly those containing sulfur or nitrogen.
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portuni;:y t~ invest : i gate a regioil i n which poll ut an ~ smerge with the Tlie locus at wl14.cli gcoclieniical levels are reached will be different for pollutants with diP fc rent lifetimes and, since tine not distance is stability and other mctccrologieai parameters inan adequa;re three-dimensional in msdlfying the rates of chemicsl change of pollutants. B . Objective?:;. Tvo prtiwrry objectives Iiave been defined for this 2. To def in z tSe chemical., biological, and inctcorclogiccl mechanisms which reduce pcl lu tant levels to the "geochemical hackground . I ' 1. Basic rJ csi zn. The basic design of the ground sampling is as follows: 27pot catia l sites are scl.ccted oii a circle of 120 km radius radius(in ncr sites).S3cp ling for 72 hours is t o be carri cd out six times during the s\Imnei- and slx times during the winter, sampling times being
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aar;?:.,lcs t o II(J col.lect'cd are designed t o provide a s much information a s possible or: thc sulfur ~ nitrogen and carbon cycles. IJheii a1 erted, sarq>lirig teams will proceed t o seven outer sites and five inner sites,in rlie circle segments predicted to be downwind of the of. these will go tothe upis7lind site r;,ost: likely to pick up any traces of The otjier will oc:cupy an upwind site . Tws mobile stations will consist of trailers with instrumentation ids nti fy andrea x in vith the St. Louis plurx,and tod irc ct placement During a72 - li our sen p ling period,a plane is to be assi.gi:cd for the following saraplirig sequence--30-minu~e sampling periods in a figure8 traverse of the sampling station arcs at a specifier : level,in tliis order :
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del.; point), morning, cr?d afternoon. to give2 of coch period. The s i x sequer,ccs should be scheduled During czch of 'ihc three pcrjoc's i n whicii ac irc u mfc sent i al sequence isnot :jchCduled, a rcd in ltr aver cc from the city center down plune and return should be nmde at each of Lr levels;. During each of{ week (see para,2 belcw), three radial traverse pcrigci, tlic ground sampling i s down for one wce ? c . Thus, the two seasonal The low prc b ability of a persistent wind direction should not necessarily dictate shifting activated sampl.ing stations or cessation of the initial 24 hours, the field d irc ctor !nay o r may not order a shift of Ifa major change occurs during stations, depending on assessment of (a)predicted st zhi lit y of the new weather pattern and (b) nccd to continue to sample at initial sites aft cr the weather p ; it tern change, to learn(1) !low eff wt ive a wind shift will be in clearing an area of residual pclllution, (2) hov rapidly does a sub-synoptic shift result in ground levc: cl cari ug, and (3) conversely, can a surface shift clear an area before being reflected in thc sub-synoptic scale ?
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Kind speed and direction,humidity, temperature, prc c ip it ation. Particles: Condensation and freezing nuclei ; SOcc-- filters. Gases (real time: CO o r SF6, Oxidant Particles (yen1 tine) : Condensation and freezing nuclei. d . Double Theodo lite Station
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beer, discussed DS possibilities. Thcsc arc 1abellc:rl in this section as (1) the " Ill in a is Study"-- jc in t study by the Illinois Stntc Water (2) the "IUPCA Study"--intensive air pollution study in the St:. Louis In addition a biologically - oriented study needs t o be dc fined,if tne obj cc t ives described i n paragraph A helm, areto be achieved. Some infcrmal. contacts have evokcd interest : by various groups In this section,reference tothe "Eiological Study" will refer to such an undcfinctd study by unnancd experi!ixrits with o th cr investigators are assunicd s? part of each of the five Sone broader obj cc ti vc s,achievable wit lia joint study, are described below. The proposed studies, done individual1.y , wotlld contribute pieces of in form tion usc i ul in later work on thcsc objectives, but t!rc
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realization of the objectives would require add it ioa al input’. prog rm will allow definition of the objectives and modification of the individual studies accordingly. A,Pollutant Disappcarsnce. Iriformation on St.Louis, as a source, Information on the merging of the poll ut an tw ill come from the XAPCA study. plume with the background >;ill come front he NCAR, Illinois, and NAPCA Input fr on a11 five studies wi1.1 be needed to define the relative E. Operational I_m_Drn,vement. The ESSA, NAPCA, and Illinois input is de sir abl c to improve the quality of the “ alerts ” or forecasts to be used Implicit in A, above, isthe need for the source(NAYCA and Illinois) studies to provide data to supplement the two arcs measured by NCAR. C. St. Louis Anoinaly. The Illinois study seeks t o improve the validation and definition of theSt. Louis anomaly. (Urban induced change of precipitation,hail, and severe storms.) The study will answer whether o r not the n nmt aly exists. The joint study (HCkR and NL.PCA input)will havc been devclopcil Litid improved by pollutant studies in the past. The RAPCA, NCAR, and Illinois studies will provide opportunity to test and will afford an op port cn it y to relate these Limited scale models tothe subsynaptic model oithe ESSii study. Unlike previous studies,the ESSA study
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NATIONAL A I R POLLUT ION C: ON'I'ROl, ADNIX ISTRAT ION St. Louis Regional Field Study Proposal The importance of a definitive study of ail- quality on a regional basis is not based on a s:ir:gle obj cc ti ve, but on a number of sig - nificant svcral 1 c ~ h jec tives : 1. Provide the experimental- hiputs for xathematical. modeling on the scale of a11 air quality region 01 tlie transport and chenical transforinations of pollutants. Lrnpi-oved source strength evaluntioiis v!ould IJC apart of this cffoi-t. 2. Ikf-ine thi? total impact of stationary and mobile sources o? poll.ution on the urtbzn environment and i t s surroundings, and dernmstrate both s?ior-L-- and long- term effcc ti ve ness of control. teclmoology, fuel subs-ti.tutiori and nev7 propulsion systems. 3 . Define the approaclies riceded t o safeguard against the 4.. D(3!!OllSi:J?2t2 ::tic Gp tinum ap pro ac ~ it o obtaining air quality mcasui:ernents on d regional- scale including density and distribution of monitoring sites. 5. Perfect instrumental and other analytical techniques r e - qui red to do ef rc ct ive long-term measurement and monitoring on a These objectives arc general in nature ancl independent of the specific choice of the site foi- the study. Objectives I - 3are much riecdecl inputs to improving iin ~ l . ~ m cnt a tio nplanning i n tlie Unitecl States. OjJjccti.ves 4-5 relate closely to the needs for effect iv c mvironrncntal monitoring; These NAPCA objectives have NSF, Illinois State \!:iter Sunvey, nad other sci ent if ' i c groups i n un ive I*s i ti c s an ci n a ti on a 1 1-ab orai-o I-ie s Because of li rn it c ti or ~ son resources,a single study site must be selected. Since agent 'deal of prclirninary work is required before tlie main phases of this work cwmence, the location of the site must be final i md as soon as possible. In discussions withi n NAPCA and wit11scientific personnel froin ESSA, NCAK, and NSF, the St. Louis 1-egional site was agreed t o be the most acceptable. This determination was na de for the follow j ng reasons :
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1. Measurcments are available on emissions, air quality, The St. Louis area has relatively uricomplicatcd geogtransport and diffusion i n the St. Louis area. rapliy and a rcasonable sym ne try of emission sources. arcas mahirig it easier to assess background levels. 3 . This area is relatively isolated from other metropolitan