Quarterly Technical Report January 1 Thru March 31, 1954

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Health and Biology TBE UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER Atomic Energy Project Rochester 20, New York QUARTERLY TECHNICAL REPCWT January 1 thru March 31, 1954 It should be noted t h a t the Quarterly Technical Reports of The University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project do not attempt t o describe progress i n a l l of the research programs but only i n those in which some significant results have been achieved but which are not sufficiently complete t o be written up as final reports. Submitted by: Henry A.Blair Date of Report: 5/10/54

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Filtration Efficiency of Silicate Air Filters Beam Condensing System f o r Beckman IR-2 Infrared ABSTRACTS OF PAPWS FFESENTED AT MEETINGS --I n Vivo Localization of Antibodies Against Kidney, Ovary, and Adrenal i n Rats by Inrlng L. Spar and William F. Bale. . 17 Developing Enamel as Seen i n the Electron Microecope by Developing Dentine as Seen i n the Electron Microscope by Solubility Characteristics of Dentine, Enamel and Bone by The Recrystallization of Bone Mineral by William F. -Lactate Cmplexes by Isaac Feldman ............ 32 TECHKCCAL REPORTS ISSUED F(HI DISTRIBUTION ........... 33

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Preliminary tests of silicate fiber &st filters have shown that their collection efficiency is above 99.6%. Preliminary tests have been completed t o determine the bat collection efficiency of two grades of silicate fiber air filters. fractory nature of the f i b e r and also the binding compound, it i e posaible Because of the rethat this filter will be useful for cleaning of high temperature air efflwntm. The test aerosol wasa sodium chloride &st of 0.7 p M.U.D. (ug 3.0) at an air concentration of 40 mg/M 3. A i r flow r a t e waa 14.0 litera/min thm a filter area of 5.0 cm2, producing a face dr-velocity of 47 cm./sec. order t o estimate the amount of dust escaping the filters each teat filter was followed by a single molecular filter (Millipore type M). sodium analyses by the flame photometer were then made on waahlnga of there filters. Efficiency values were calculated on the assnmption of complete dust collection by the molecular filter, PaCl on molecalar filter, Total NsCl on both filters !!!he results bowed essentially the same collection efficiency for bath grades of filter (99.6, 99.7$). Static preesnre measurements indicated a lower resistance than the usual filter in consideration of the high efficiency values. Becanee of the unique refractory nature of the silicate filters and their high efficiency, further studies are indicated a8 an aid t o the development of thin material.

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A TUmGSTEm SOURCE SUITABLE FOR PRODUCIRG FLASH BURNS burns i s described, using as the suurce of radiation, a 2000 watt tungsten,,- .. unit, and of exposure time. Maximnm &put is ab& 9.4 cal/cn?/sec, xith. e -.a 9546 tolerance interval of about 3. -.. This paper describes a cmeni-ent, portable source for t h e production- -I_-.* The source of radiation is a. .-ctws-.of small area radiant energy exposures. ten filament spotlight lamp, used ina simple optical system. Provlsiarus are made f o r the control of the radiant parer output of t h e in8trument and of..the While the use of an electrically powered source secures operatingson-.. - venience and reproducibility of exposure, t h e requirement of portability..limitS the msxiamn input power t o that available from normal laboratory CirCUit t3 ,I _ o r 2.3 k~ (20 amperes a t 115 volts). ~nthis instrument, 2 k~ are used t o operate the lamp, while approximately 200 watts are used for amciliary and control cir - an already occupied circuit. Inasmuch as most laboreturies are provided with several independently fused circuits,this should not be a serious objection. Thus, the device draws slightly over 19 amperes, and cannot be used on

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An overall view of the source i s shorn in ff gu re i, and detailed photographs of the internal arrangement i n figures 2 and 3. General Electric 2M/T3O/l, 2000 watt, prefocused, spotlight type. t rated filament i s placed at the focal point of a simple ccndenser lens of The lamp used i n a 85 mm diameter and 89 mm focal length. A second similar condenser refocuses the approximately parallel rays fromthe first lens, and concentrates thia radiation at an exposure plane approximately 3 inches i n front of the second this exposure plane. A pointer, fixed t o the lens mount, is used t o indicate the center of A spherical, convex, back surfaced reflector of 7” diameter and 5“ radius of curvature i s placed behind the lamp so t h a t the lamp filament f a l l s at the center of curvature of the reflector; thus, radiation emitted in the backward direction from the lamp i s refocused back on the filament, and contributes t o the useful radiant parer output of t h e inT$e lamp is parered through a Type 1004 General Radio Company Variac, with a maximum current carrying capacity of 18 amperes. transformer permits smooth variation of voltage across the 2000 w a t t lamp, with a 0-150 volt ac Fanel meter indicating the l a m p voltage. serves a two-fold purpose: it permfts control over the radiant power output of the instrument through control of the parer input t o - hence t h e temperature of - the lamp filament; and it serves t o protect the instrument and the circuits serving it from the high current inrush resulting from switching a high parer tungsten lamp directly onto the line. Interposed between the lamp and the first condenser lens is a Simple vane type shutter, which i s operated by a Ledex rotary solenoid. An external timer is used t o control t h i s shutter, giving controlled exposure times of i , 9.7”t o 5.0 seconds. A switch on the control panel of the instrument actuates

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an electrical holding circuit which permits the shutter t o be held open for about 30 seconds without overheating the rotary solenoid. are used to limit the angular motion of the shutter vane, and t o eliminate1 -*,- - The lamp, spherical reflector, and electrical c0mpa&s are housed-..;*. p f \ ina sheet metal cabinet, with a hinged door topdt access for cle€mlp&,- - .--.I. changing lamps, etc. ,3:.9 of the housing, so long as lamp operation is Mer mitt ant. The instrument- ..Jar &\:3 i s not designed for continuous operation, as such duty i s not necessary for A medium capacity blower assures-adequate Vent i ht lp ac normal laboratory applications, and is msteful of lamp l i f e . The attached curves show the pertinent calibration data. In figure 4, horizurrtal and vertical probes m e plotted showing the approximate dlstri but ion of radiant parer inthe expusnre plane. It should. be noted thst this exposure plane wss selected t o give the htghest radiarrt parer on the optic axis; inasmuch as the fiLamezrt is an extended suurce, this point of maximum on-axis irradiation is sligfrtly inside t h e place of best focus of Figure 5gives the direct caltlnmtion data of irradiance in calorfes per sqnare centimeter per second as a fmctfon of voltage across the lspap. These data were taken Kith arad iai on calorfmeter with circular aperture of 1 square centimeter area; irradiance mer this central circular area of 1 square centimeter. point a t a given lamp voltage represents the mean of five readings. hence they represent a spatial average of the vertical lines at each point indicate the 9% tolerance limits, i.e., the limits within which one may expect, witha confidence of 95$, that 9% of all exposures will fall.A recalibration of the source was made about 9 months after the original calibration. from one another by more than 0.9. I n no case do the values differ

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The requirement of portability of the tungsten lamp source, limiting the power input t o about 2.3 kw, restricts the maximum radiant parer output t o the rather moderate value of 9.4 calories per second over a one square centimeter exposure mea. Further, the method of controlling the output of the source results in changes of color temperature of the radiation. HOWever, in those applications where these a r e not serious disadvantages, the convenience and constancy of the source should highly recommend its use.

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BEAM CONDENSING SYSTEM FOR BECKMAN IR-2 IXFRARED SPECTROPBOTOMEThe Beckman IR-2 infrared spectrophotometer was converted t o handle micro samples by the installation of a beam condensing system. The campartment holding the lene system may be inserted i n the instrument without impairing any of the usual functions. The beam condensing system designed by Anderson and Miller (2) was successfully installed in the Beckman IR-2 spectrophotometer. The lene system was placed ina compartment inserted between the light source cornpartment and the rest of the instmment. The liquid cell compartment may be left in place o r removed. part of the instrument is collimated, the light source compartment may be separated for a considerable distance without loss i n sensitivity. Became the beam of light passing through thi e_ . The lens compartment wae built of 3/4 inch methacrylate polymer according t o dimensions shown i n Pigure 1. The mounting for the lens eyetern was made of braes w i t h a design similar t o that of Anderson and Woodall (3) and i e shown in ripe2in views from the top and end, lens holders were made by assembling strips of 1/8 inch flat brass stock. The guide f o r the The p l a s t i c lens holders were the same as those previously described (2). The platform f o r the mounting was made of 1/2 inch methacrylate polymer with a bras8 table top. by measurement from the centerlinee of the b o l t holes, The mounting wag kept i n position on the platform by two pins from which it could be slipped for easy removal. by dimenaione proved so satisfactory that no provisions were made f o r movement The lene system w a s centered in the beam A preliminary performance check with the mounting positioned

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of the platform. The l e n s system was focused by adjusting the distance between the lenses f o r maximum transmission and the holders were locked i n position by tightening the 4-40 screw8 i n the slot. sketch o f Anderson and Miller (219the lens system works most efficiently As shown i n the with the plane sides of the plano-convex lenses facing each other. Using a set of the early experimental lenses of Eastman Kodak, the transmission was 45$ at 2 microns increasing w i t h wave length t o 73% at 10 microns and continuing at that value t o 15 microns. from Eastman Eodak are much more transparent (1) and should give even better The lenses now available Thus, the Beckman IR-2 spectrophotometer may be converted easily f o r handling micro samplee i n pressed potassium bromide pellets. cell compartment is left in place, this conversion is made with no reduction of existing functions, If the liquid c e l l compartment i s removed, an opening should be provided at the bottom of the back side of the lens compartment for the introduction of dry nitrogen. If the liquid

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Paper Presented a t the 38th Annual Federation Meetings AmD ADFENAL IN FATS Irving L. Spar and William F. Eale Tissue and organ specific antibodies are of great interest as a possible means of introducing materials into specific locations i n an organism. the avail i bil it y of radioisotopes aa a label and as a therapeutic tool, it was decided to investigate the -yIi n vivo distribution and localization of rabbit gamma globulin containing antibodies against various rat organs and tissues. Series of rats have been injected w i t h iodine labeled normal and anti- . 1tissue gamma globulin and patterns of organ localizatioc obtained. interest, because of the increased per cent hc aliz ation, is the 1131 labeled gamma globulin distribution after the gamma globulin haa been absorbed onto, and eluted from organ homogenafes. through the circulatory system of a rat and blood-free organs removed. Saline homogenates were made of the v a r i o u s organs and the homogenates were injected into rabbits using various imxunization procedures. Anti-tissue antibody containing blood was obtained from %he rabbits, and the gamma globulin fractionated by ammonitrm sulfate precipitation. The gamma globulin obtained from normal rabbits, o r gamma globulin containing anti bo ~ e sagainst various tissues; was labeled with I131. The iodinated gamma globulin was incubated for m e hour with an organ homogenate to enable t h e iodinated antibody to complex with the antigenic components i n the tissue homogenate$ After centrifwation the SurpeF-t Was discarded and the antibody bound to the precipitate was then eluted by a heat

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method by bringing it t o 60 used was t o make it basic t o pH 11 a t 4" C.for5 minuts. containing some non-specific iodinated gamma globulin w a s discarded and the supernatant was injected intravenously into normal rats, which were sacrificed by perfusion a t various times. The data t o be presented here comprise results obtained by perfusing rats 2 to 3 days a f t e r the injection of eluted nonnal C.for15 minutes a t pH 9. Another technique o r eluted anti-tissue iodinated gamma globulin. Figure 1 shuws the I localization in rats indected intravenously 3 days before with normal rabbit gamma globulin absorbed onto and eluted from rat kidney. Also shown is the localization i n other rats indected intravenously 3 days before w i t h anti-kidney gamma globulin that also had been absorbed onto and eluted from rat kidney. The control values, obtained by injecting absorbed and eluted normal rabbit gamma globulin, show no evidence . . of any I localization. The localization pattern of iodinated ganuna globulin containing antibodies against rat kidney is similar t o the results of F'ressman and his COworkers f o r the organs they have studied, that is, good 1ocaLization i n kidney and some i n spleen. In our experiments with anti-kitiney gamma globulin we also finda greater localization i n the adrenal gland, and ovary loCalization as high as i n the kidney. The localization of anti-ovary gamma globulin a f t e r absorptiori onto and elution from ovary homogenate is shown i n Figure 2. The highest 113' localization is i n the adrenal, with decreasing amounts i n the ovary, spieen, kidney, Anti-adrenal gannna globulin waa absorbed onto and eluted from adrenal greatest localization was i n the adrenal. i n the spleen and ovary, and even less in the kidney and liver. The localization pattern is shown i n Figure 3. By far the Lese than half of that was …