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1% appears that the cancsr program i a Satfsmng QOS ~of the basic ob3ectSvaol originally plaaned, mainly (1) establishment of facilities for the treatpleat of cancer and allied diseases with radioisotopes and (2) deVelopmant of training oppartunitiea for intereapted psraonnel, especially those connected with the participating southern The clinical. pragx’anl i 8 emphaaising galUurq gold, iodins cobarlt, and autoradlagraphy. Gallia ~ 1 Etherapy will probably be rrplmsd by gallium67 for reasons @.ma in the report. Although gallftrmp has &own a preferential distribution in malignant osseumlesions, the overdl clfnical resfits have not been encouraging. higher specifictty of ~ a 6 7may be an important factor i~producing possfbLg better cli niu al results, Colloidal. galdl98 has decelerated the rates of pleural and peritoneal effriisrians secandaq to mali,panciss in many instances. Furthemore, the character and viscosity of tM fluid &re usually changed, which suggests ewe basic reaction of the gold on thetumor calls. The results seem sufficiently encouraging t o warrant further investigation. The rstudy of iodine an& phosphorus probably Kill result in nothing new in the field of cancer therapy. Pn the human havtl b a n atudied somewhat vigoroasly for several years. Iodine is probably of most value in the traratnen%of diffuae t&c hyperthgroiditm, arid phosphorus for the treatmsnt of polycythemia c a l states, future limited w e of then at tfb? Cancsr hospitdl especially for training pllrposes wottld eeem dfrdrablo, Since both of these subjstances are being widely used for Tbe autaradiography prcgram scmms t o be a highly impartant adjunct techniques no doubt would enhance its present qualitative value. The devebpnent of more exact qnantitatfm
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T h k use of a cobalt so:me to irradiate deep seated tmom seam very reasonable, ad the investigation of o t h r elements such ;% cesium and possibly neutron sourcets might logically follow. hematoporpwns, f i ~- cobalt, Cfi - dextram, sodium and potassim, probably nerit a more critic& evaluation in lieu af t h e present necessary reduction in the Ld~OicalIlivision'E The resdnt training and medical sckiool etaff pxticipation programs have 8SeWd satisfactory and beneficial t o both the OTCIE Force for trainkag of some of t i a i r medied personnel have also A prognosis of tii5 value of thu cancer research program i,c impossible n m became the program is toc young. An energetic, very co apt on t staff of clinical and research prso.mel has . approachad the expa-x5mental treatsent 03 cancer Kith iso to ~ e e in D logical mamer, has done a treaenclous a..ount of vork wLtt production of med ngfu l data. Cone of t - e s data vLll undozbtedly bc of negative f utc re clinical value, but of positive overall value in that one o r wore avenues t o the treat nen t of' crincer tiaE
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In the paat, a mquwt has been mde for a fairly large number of snd 30 autopaisos. In all cams but one, isotope distribution Sone of the most valuabla studies have been Up t o the prearent, t:.ere haw been 30 deaths
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Active Hodglin'E disease prevkmsly traatecl; patients for what them is not wtiafactory treatmnt, but who are not terrainal.
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dosage hfrom 2$ to 6 milligrams per kilogram withB radiation dosage of from 20 t o 70 millicuri.es. doso given was 92 millic:ries, am t h r t hightiat single injection most patianto carLt ole rate2 to L of the ordinary doses, then develop anorexia, nausaa, vomiting severe depression. There 5s; a later devslop.cnt of skin reactions and occnaional diarrhea and a very serious bone mmrm depression. There is no renal darrrage in humans except where csuch clanage could be expected from a pre-existiplf, kidmy d i ~ ease. Excretion duciies are routinely dona on aU patient8 m d biopsy studiee have been urn on mod stable dhtributlon long after radioactivity has been given are in the procese of being publfshed, In general., t t a whale problem of tadcity of gs’llium frw. both the m e t a l and radiation standpoints is an exceedingly diffictilt one. The high radiation energhs acme to give B total body spray radiation which is undesirable and the setal is undoubtedly an accumulative poison. 1% is imposapblo to get 0 d 2 at specific activity help of ths f-22 cyclotran p o t p and the X-10 physical chemiatry group,t!!e problem of preparing Ga57 is well on the way. PreU in ary studies of carrier free gnlfium 67 in rats indicates that a significant amount of work nust be dom before the material can be applied hum to bo incorrect. it b found that Autopsy studies, clinical studies, a d studies of The available book data on Qa67 dosape calculations is Tile whole sobfez LE b c i q - restudied at The problems concerning: cia72 a r e being, rounded out and ia a ompleu stiltarirent wfll bo prese&ed before the Radiological Society tzeetiw in December in chicago, i n - t h e Beantime, the clinical resiits are suf:’icientflS. encowagiq to warrant an extension of The problem of the dfotribtitfon, ZscaLizatlon, a n d dodmtry of colloidal radiogold has h e n ~Ludisdin ap,prox?m&;rte~ 40 dogs and 40 rate and mice. this dog stusy and tm woblen was imediately tra&farred t o the intracadtary use of colloidal rackogold in htrsctable pb ural and pefitoneal effualons due to neoplasms. In t h e hman, studies have been carried out on the adsorption, abearption, apreaU of activity, dilution of activity, a n d the various problems involved in asseshx the validity of dosage calaulatiom. In addition, a large mount of work is continuing on &nU.ar problems i n the rat. One of the incidental results af the hves&i@ationswith radiogold is t h a t radiogold has excellent pro-Perties for student, wmk. It k great deal of information was ,gained from
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As regards the programs pxecediw, tne m@or portioa of time is spent on investigation of galliulp, gold, iodine, cobalt and autaraariopnphy.
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Ftelationo islvision a plan has h e n developed afiich al&WS a)8mbBr8 af the faculty srilij residents mcommended free! these achoob to Join the medical i ~ ? dresaarch staff of the hl&itIlt8 fw work in the ~e:lernl field of is u top therapy or to cmxy out spcial problems which, for various rmsons, they aamot begin in the* own
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portion of their time working prharfl3s on the cllal.cal yhaws with patients, while others have hen prirna-lu interested in 3. Relations wLth the Air Force With the expansion of the Armed Fwces at the bt.ginOizI& of the Kman l a r , it appeared that th s ~ 2 l . yof reaidants would be of medical officer6 withiil the Air Force with aa introdticbry training in atomic energy as it affects clinical medicine. An physiciaos for 43 period of four months study. the Air Force residents, a provsm was organbed scararrrhat differently ttra? the promam developed for t53 re&idents of the ntedical ectoo3.s. It was felt #at each of the Air Force msidents should spend m e month taking the basic c o ~ r s ein radioaesay work on hunsan tissues, a,r?proxiritelyone nonth in p~rrrsly ternal radfatikm therapy, and approx&nate~QM: month act ally proEram involving expfl-mntal work in animals is nat n aces sari ~ devised so as to yield publishable results but rather La devisa5 to give experience in the b x € Enc ; of raaioisotops and in a ~ sa. ~ ing tion protection. Altho qh %.his program took u;, a Lzrgur portion of the time of the staff.'ttiaq ViaE st first contemplated, it has apparently more than paid f o r itself in the assistance these rasidents have given to the medical ,xogram, Moct of the biopsy studies and &or surgical procedures that have been prfmed d u r i q the paat quarter have Men done by Air Corps residents. A major pmtion of the routine roentgenographk ourveyrs an6 rrr;tny of she mhission examtnations a& workups have becn done by A i r ?'Q~cc?residents. number of the minor problem w k c h kavc been set up primarily to yield training have added to the data being co-liwted on toxicity of radiogold an3 radiohafnium. In tba case of h. Wdical School Staff Participation A staff medical, school participation prograa has been developed ancl has proved itaelf e x n = e w u useful. With the coo,mratlon of the University Relations f;ividoa Wf membsrs of the xedlcal echools are appointed a& Oak Ridge Fellom. Ons of t h e first of tbse wa8 who spent the summer of 1951 with the ?&dictrl Division. During hie
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stay he worked on thc biosylithesis of sulfur W e l e d aza5.m acids. Besides h.is animal work, hiE prepared cmpound l g 8 used bl ane patient in astudy of sulfur mtabolierm by t u m o r cells, and a >paper on t h e method resulting from this work is in pablication. Dr. Robert S. Ingols af Georgia spent six months working with the Fedical p allium toxicity UE&= 2arber tissues respiration techniques. number of papers are i n the process of publicatmn msulting from Ueprbment, spent four months during the smmer of 1950 working on the method of assay of gallium in tissues a?d on the problem of stable =cognized in her work ana l e d to modification of ths procedures follaaed in patients, as Aneetbsiologiat and w i l l continue some of the Bane work. the staff in January for a three month stw of the problem of earboa labeled dextran. This problem has bean extended into a period of sfx months because of the difficulties involved in setting up a carbon program. I t is contemplated that t h e program rdll be continued when ‘Mversity of Texas, Dei;artmnt of Bacterfology, has recently joined the staff to work on problems involved in the autosterifization of radioactive compounds prepared for intravenous us8 and Fn intracavitary 3niversity of Kentucky, is w i t h the stzff of the Xedical Division for a period of a?pr&mtely seven months, co-%erns the selective uptake by the 1i-r of various radioactive compounds injected intravenorrsly. Dr. Betty E. Cooper, llniverdty of Texas, Anesthesiology The mp rsen ~ it iv it yof dogs to gallium was first Dr. Cooper has rejoined the Modical DiviBion staff The probletr, ha, has selected I n aGciiticri tc the residents a m ,&.a.€f mmbers participating in the prograa9 a niumbr of Pn.2. candidates in basic medical eciences have been accepted to work a t h the mdlcal fjivision. $,!PoSparks of the kqartmnt of Radiology, the hiversity of Kansa~, tpent tm months work bg on t h ~ ?preparation of rsdioisotopes for frunrrn usge. +..(iardiar, Degartment of Phmacology, University of Tenneseee, worked 311aplutblsm of sodium transport as affected by pituitary