Ninth Annual Report of the Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies, June 30, 1955

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Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies Operating Under Conuact UNITED STATES ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION

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in May of the f class in basic radioisotope techniques was in session; on the last day of the fiscal year, the forty-fourth basic class was graduated and Radioisotope Participadt Number 2106 returned to his own organization for Peace course, and which was attended by 32 participants from 21 foreigncountries representing 12 language groups. The coursewas inauguratedwith the proclamation of April 30 as Atoms for Peace in 03JrRidge, ad with L luncheon given by Carbide and Carbon m e m i - Fifty participants from 20 states and District of Columbia came to Oak Ridge in coursein the use of radioisotopes in bioch the Institute, and featured turo in tied P by eminent sci as a number of papers contribut It was the forty-thi On September 7, the Division Wtia

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such courses, me urst 01 tneir Kina ever offered in the United States, were conJcted during the year, in‘cooperation with the lission Agricultural Research Program. The ;gicdhazards, particularly in relation to their iolo@.cdeffects and the possible or potential ?ctors involved in the radiocontamination of $29, with the 59 participants enrolledin either r both weeks, depending on their interests and &s. The first week, “Safe Handling of Sealed jarces,” was designed for personnel in a po- !tion to dlrect o r teach others i n the uses ‘of sdioxtive sources. The second week, which as devoted to industrial applications of sealed ources, was intended for supervisory personsl and presented surveys of uses of both the E, ,beth Rona, visiting scientist with the hision, has conducted research on a method f determining the ratio of thorium-232 to 3orium-230 by activation analysis. A standard leihod has the advantage that the ratio of the HO isotopes remains constant during separaion. Since the ratio of uranium-238 to thorium30 is well h o w n , the results of the new method Il0x-s the calculation of the ratio of thoriumprove the natural occurrence of uranium-236, which in geological time is a relatively shortlived isotope, by measuring its thorium-232 daughter, which has a half Life nearlyone thousand times longer. However, experimental demonstration of the existence of uranium-236 in minerals df h o w n age is complicated by the lack of minerals of sufficient age. Both uranites and pitchblendes were analyzed. The new method has several important applications, such a s geological dating of ocean A method for determinhg the uranium content of ocean water by the technique of isotope dilution was investigated by Dr. Rona, as an alternate method to the more commonly used fluorescence determination. The investigation waspart of aproject to establish the geological age of ocean sediments. For this purpose it is necessary to know the relationship of the members of the uranium family. The radium content of ocean water and sediment is well established, but‘published data on the uranium nique was employed in a n attempt to resolve The average uranium content of the Gulf of Mexico, the North Atlantic, and the North Pacific was found to be a little over three millionths of a gram p e r liter, which is about 300 per cent higher than previous findings. It is planned to analyze standards used by the Swedish and Austrian scientists in an attempt to establish a common basis for coq a ring the ur&ium content of all oceans investigated up to this time.

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SPECIAL TRAINING DIVISION RADIOISOTOPE SCHOOL PARTICIPANTS Murray T. Jackson Thirty ninth Session John E’. King Deparunent of Kadiology Colorado State Hospital Department of Chemical Cook County Hospital Department of Ve tenn ary A and M College of Texas The Diversey Corporadon Departmenc of Biochemisrry Insrimcum Divi Thoma e Cook County Hospital Deparrment of Radiology Ton awan d a Laboratory Linde Air Products Company Un iversi ty of A1 abam a Ulster Counw Tumor Clinic Engi ne en ng Denver Hale Marerials Laboratory Russell Hilf Bureau of Biological Research Engineering De pam n en t Naval Gun Factory College and Hospitd John E. Lit tie A. Raymond Tere pka Department of Radiology Durham, North Carolina Departm en c of Biology Morgan State College Deparrment of Biochemistry Walter Reed Army Medical East Chicago Laboratory Cities Service Research and East Chicago, lndiana Department of Agricultural University of Vermont, Department of Pediatrics New York Medical College Department of Internal D e s Moines Still College of Osteopathy and Surgery Department of Radiology Brooklyn, New York Radiation Therapy Dep arm mt Bel I e vue Hospital New York City Research Dep arment Union Switch and Signal Swis sdal e, P enn s y lvani a Research and Development Wright Aeronauucal Diyision Cums s Wright Corporauon Deparunenr of Chem is v University of Puerto Rice Beth Israel Hospital School of Medicine and University of Rochester

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Dcparrmcnr of Radiology Little Company of Mary Evergreen Park, Illinois Deparrmcnt of Chemistry A and M College of Texas College Scauon, Texas Ho spi tal Waiter Kiddc a n d Company, Inc. Bcllevillc, New Jersey Eglin Air Force Base, Florida Gun Hill Road Engineering and Development Walter Kidde a n d Company Bell evil lc,New Jersey Deparrment of Radiology Chicago Physicians and Deparrment of Pathology University of Sou & Dakota R adioi so top e Unit Veterans Admin is r radon Deparunenc of Bacteriology University of Texas Kansas Cicy College of Kansas City, Missouri De pam nen t of Biophysics Amy Medical Service Graduate Walter Reed Amy Medical Commissary Research Division US Naval Supply Research and Bayonne, New Jersey Dep a we nr of Chem is u y 'I' Souchem Merhodist Univcrsicy Dep-cnt of Bio chem is w D ep artm en t L co nidas R. Lit det on Mary Louise Meurk Vincent J. Pil egg i Jacob Wei ssman Section of Radiology S ayrc, P cn n sy I v ani a Naval Air Material Center Phil adclphia, Pennsylvania Technical Service Deparanenr Engineer Research and FOR Bclvoir, Virginia Dep arm cnt of Physics Texas Western College Department of Physics School of Pha macy North Dakota Agricultural Fargo, North Dakota Departrnenr of Agronomy Utah State Agnculrural College De pan ment of Biochemi suy University of Wisconsin School of Medicine Pirrs burgh, Pennsylvania Gibbsmwn, Sew Jersey Dep artm en t of Bot any Depanment of Radiology The Monroe Clinic College of Agn culture University of Arkansas U'righc Aero o auric d Division Department of Radiology Memorial Center for Cancer and Allied Diseases New York City University of Kansas Kansas City, Kansas

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Hon on co Cio rdia Pink Bollworm Research US Department of Agriculmre Carl Coha Roscoe B. Jackson Memorial Marc C re vier Dep arment of Histology University of Orrawa Ott a wq Ontario, Canada Irving Fc in st c in Department of Radiology Randolph Air Force Base US Amy Chemical brps Camp Decrick, Maryland Res e arch Dep artment Deparrmcnt of h te mal First and Third Medical Boston City Hospital Bo ston, Massachusetts Department of Biochrmistry University of Oregon

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School of Medicine University of Virginia Department of Plant Physiology Agriculturd Experiment Station University of Puerro Rico . Rio Picdras, Puerto Rico Deparrmeat of Radiology Queen of Angels Hospital Pitts burgh, Pennsylvania Fody - second Course Algird V. Gud a it is Norman Lee Hatfield David I. Live more Department of Radiology Norwalk General Hospital Norwalk, Conn c cu cut Deparunent of Physics US Air Force Institute of US Atomic Energy Commission Oak Ridge, Tennessee US Public Health Service Deparrment of Physics US Naval Postgraduate School A m y Chemical Center, Maryland Kentucky Baptisr Hospital US Naval Engineering Experil Dep arm en rof Me& cin e Cornell Medical College US Air Force Sampson Air Force Base Physics De pam nen t Nadonal Research Council Depauunent of Ch cm is u y - Federal Experiment Stad on Mayaguez, P ueno Rico Forty- t h ir d Cour Ie National Insdtutc of AgriculUS Air Force Deparrmenr of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Bo stoa, Ma ssa chu sects US Air Force H e adqu art er s Com man d US Air Force Wrigh t-Patterson Air Force Deparanent of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Jefferson City, Missouri Armed Forces Institute of Deparnnent of Chem is u y Depamnenc of Radiology University of Kansas Medical Francisco A gui rr tB aue s Institute de Nu uic ion de Ccntro Guatemala City, Cent rd

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Ien a at Loos Flore nao A. Medina Jose F. Saiz del Rio Medical ServiceD epa run ent Arhcns University Medical Peta w awa Forest Experimental Chalk River, Ontario, Canada Department of Radiology Ottawa Civic Hospital Ortawa, Ontario, Can adJ Dep arm ent of Ch emi st ry Sci en u fi c Research In stiN re, Tokyo Kyoiku Univcrsiry Deparrment of Chemi stry Chulalongkorn Universi ty Deparunent of Chemistry University of Buffalo University of Chile Clinical Oak Ridge Insdtute of Nuclear Oak Ridge, Tennessee Deparunent of Physiology and Punjab College of Animal Hus - Narional Defense Deparunent Research and Development Quezon Ci ry, Philippines D ep arment of Radiology Dep arment of Radiocbemi suy National Uni rer s it y of Mexico Department of Chemistry Insrituto Superiore di Sanita Department of Analytical In suru to de Edafologia Ch alio Suras id Vik ul Vi ranu r a tu Central In sum re of RadiorhcrDepartment of Biochemistry In satu tum Divi Thomae Departmen; of Plant Physiology Indian Agricultural Research New Delhi, India Department of Chemistry University of Peshawar Department of Radiology Otrawa Civic Hospital Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Dep actmenc of PI an c Physiology Laboratory for Plant Ph y sio - Agricul rural Universi ty U'ag eni ngen, K e therl an d s Deparrmenc of Chemistry Institute of Physics Kational University of Mexico Department of Anatomy Nishtar Medical College Faculty of Medicine and Siriraj University of Medical Sciences De pam n cnt of Physics Raj shahi, Pakistan Con ma ugh Valley Memorial Johnstown, Penn sylv mia New Haven Hospital

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Stanford Isaacs on Louis Mds pe is De pam nen t of Radiology Baylor Uni vcrs iv Hospital School of Medicine Universi v of Washingmn Seat de, Washington Rome Air Development Center Griffiss Air Force Base University Clinic of Bergm Research Dep arm mt New York Eye and Ear US Bureau of Mines Insticute of Research Montefiore Ho spit d Department of tigriculrural University of Arkansas US Atomic Energy Commission Oak Ridge, Tennessee Faat ch e e, Wash in gco n New Bedford, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy Depamnenr of Radiology College of Medicine Universi q of ll lino is Armco Sed Corpora u on An aly ucd De pan ment ESS Standard Oil COmOMY Pasquale Sol in as Wight Aeron au ucd Division Olds, and Moore San Dicgo, California Fruit Processing Sec don Western U u liza a on Research Institute of Clinic d Medicine University of Perugia The Koppcrs Company Univcrsiry of Pittsburgh School Engineering De pam nen t Douglas Aircraft Company, hc. Derived Pm ducts Department Forest Products Laboramry Deparunenr of Medicine Ohio State University Marerials and Process Douglas Aircraft Company, Santa Monica, California First Veterinary Radiological Health Course Harvey R. Ellis Office of the Surgeon General Fr. Sam Houston, Texas Quarrcrmastcr food an dLesrer 1. Goman Container In s dt utc De pam nen t of Veterinary Gunrer Air Force Base, Presidio of San Francisco,

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,-'-'mer Young Veterinary Corps Office of the Surgeon Gen c rd Head qu mers, First Amy Filli am B. Snodgrass Willard hL Van Sant Office of the Surgeon Gene rd Meat and Dairy Hygiene School ,h drews Air Force Base Office of the Surgeon General Brooke Army Medic d Center FOK Sam Houston, Texas Headquarters, Air Trainiog Scott Air Force Base Ent Air Force Base Headquarters, Tac dcd Air Headquarrers, Strategic Air Offurr Air Force Base Headquarrers, Air Material Tnght Patterson hi r Force Third Veterinary Rodiologicol Heolth Course Harold C Davis Alexandria, Virginia Office of the Surgeon General Office of the Surgeon General - Columbus General Depot Lloyd V. Fry artamaster Food and Co Army Medical Services Meat and Dairy Hg gie ne Schm l Chicago, uli no is. ing Air Force Office of the Surgmn General Headquarters, f i r Research and Head qu mers, Air University , Maxwell Air Force Base Long Range Medical Analysis Office of t h e Surgeon Geocral Gunter Air Force Base Mitchell Air Force Base Headquarters, US Air Force School of Aviadon Medicine Randolph Air Force Base Office of the Vetelinary 6 n - sU1t-t IO the Amy Sur Meat and Dairy Hygiene School .I.,--. d'.Headquarters, US Air Force Wright Air Development Center

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Adur Lee Hogge Fort Bragg, North Carolina First Army Veterinary Food InMemphis General Depot Walter Reed A m y Medical Fort Riley, Kansas Utah Military District Fort Douglas, Utah Veterinary Food Inspection Office of t h e Surgeon General Medical Field Service School Fort Sam Houston, Teras Richmond Quartermaster Depot Richmond Quan cm as cer Marker Q u arc crmast er Sub si sten c e Schoo I Chicago Quartermaster Depot Head quan ers, Sixth Army Presidio of San Francisco Office of t h e Surgeon General Medical Field Service School Fort Sam Houston, Texas hi lad cl phi a Quarrennaster Depot Veterinary Food In spec don Vd tah it 5035 Service Unit Thomas A. Ward Area Veterinary Detachment The Use o f Radioisotopes i n Biochemistry A m y Medical Service Graduate Walter Reed Amy Medical Dep artm en t Iowa Sratc College Deparcmmc of Enrornology Universiry of Michigan Medical Research Semi ce Department of P achology Hempstead, New York Soil and Water Conservation De pam nen t of Oncology Universiry of Wisconsin . De pam neot of Biochemistry Sou& wesrem Medical School Universiry of Texas Special Products De pam nen t Minnesota Mining and .Dc pam nen t of Chemistry a Philadelphia College of- Pharmacy and Science Los h ge les, California

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l ming Feu el New York University Department of Organic institute of Paper Chemistry Dairy Science Department Pan sylvan i a State University State College, Pennsylvania Dep a ment of Parhology Monsanto Chemical Company Department of Experimental School o f Aviaaon Medicine Randolph Air Force Base Randolph Field, Texas Department of Chemisrry Kansas State College Depamnenc of Botany Univcrsiry of Tennessee Walter Reed Amy Medic4 Universicy of Wisconsin School of Medicine University of Maryland Irene Ros r nfeld Dcparrmcnc of Neurosurgery New England Center Hospita Dcparrment of Medicine Ohio State University University of Mis ~ u n Department of Biochemistry General Foods Corporation Hoboken, New Jer sq Research and Radioisotope nay cr Veterans Administrat Argonne Cancer Research University of Chicago Depart mat of Biochemistry College of Medicine Universiry of Wyoming Organic Chem is u y Depanmer College of Medicine University of BU - Buffalo, New YO Dep a run at of Blo Miihigan Stare Gl leg e East Lansing, Michigan De pam nen t of Animal De pam nen t of htaywood, New J crsey Applied Research Branch Husbandry and suu i don De pam nen to fH or j cul N re Michigan State College Bureau of Biological ResearC