Sixth Annual Report of the Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies June 30, 1952

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Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies Operaring Under Contract UNITED STATES ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION

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-'-c- k a t a path to the Special Training Division 2;.. Six basic courses, a n advanced course in .I autoradiography, and a course in high' speed y-offerings. A high point of the year was the 1. enrolling of the thousandth participant in the %-taken of this occasion, which also was used 55: to bestow a number of the coveted DRIP cuma ? laboris degrees on individuals who have been of $+ assistance to the Special Training Division in $ IC i s a source of gratification to the Special I Training Division sraff that more than half of :. radioisotopes have seat 3ne or more participants 2::to Oak Ridne for the course. Many of these we:^ HE Special Training Division with its ndioisotope techniques courses h a s become so much apan of the nation's sc;eatific life that it is difficult to discuss the pmgam without plowing ground already covered. n...;ne the vear. the nation's scientists continued from large industrial organizations; others were _. teachers in small libem1 arts colleges whose . facilities for research are limited in rhe ex a e me. ' Radioisotopes sene both types equally well. .. It appears in order here to cite an appraisal of the Special Training Divisioa Program made last fall by William G. Pollard, Executive Director, and George B. Pegram, Scientific and Educational Consultant to the Institute. Althounh low cost of research using radioisotopes, they make their use one of the most significant advances in research techniques. It is felt that the radioisotope techniques courses offered here have greatly conaibured to che rapid a n d widespread exploitation of the advantages at chis peaceful use of atomic energy. T h e Isotopes Division of AEC h a s regularly referred to OUT Special Training Division all persons seeking to use radioisotopes but who appeared not to b e already qualiiied to US^ hem. Many have applied directly to the Institute for insaucticn. Both the short time of the COUTS ~ (one rnonch) and the nominal registration fee ($25.00) are well in line with keeping the use of radioisotopes at a minimum cost. It is of interest t o note that more than 50 per cent of all in sull at ions in this country using radioisotopes have had one or more of their respective sraffs trained in the Numerically, the greatest number of radioisotope parricipants come from the traditional research centets of the Northeast and Middle West. An analysis of the participants in the basic c mrs es indicates, however, that a very signiiicant portion of the panicipants have come from the South and Southeast, the area which it is the special obligation of &e Insticute tc serve. Geogrsphically , participarion is set aut in tne accompanymq table. ( T a b k I) 1 1IC IS unlirely, since equivalent in mc tion has noc been available elsewhere, that me large parricipation from the Southeasr is due merely to the lower cost of travel to students from this region. The c a u s e is rather to be found in the fact that universities, hospitals, and ocher institutions in the Southeast, as clearly evidenced by the existence of the Institute, have d e n a lively interest in .the n e w scientific facilities and personnel nf the great research center of oak I - the figures for participation are somewhat larger now, the proparcions represented and the conclusions &awn arc still valid. T h e appraisal The o ers at ili y and effectiveness of radioisotopes a s a research tool arc recognized .. generally. Combined with a third factor - not so 2 generally recognized - namely, the relativelyLY; f appears in pan below. No. of Partfcipants from the Southeast Number Per Cent I -.<.i u. - - Medical Schools and Other 109 42 39 , TABLE 1. Radioisotope Participants from the Southeast

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participant In the radioisotope i ech ni ques courses. With himis Donald A. Smith of the Special Tralning Dl vision Staff. basic courses were given during the fiscal year, with the usual 32 panicipants in each course. Participants in the courses are questioned at its close to determine if the subject marter i s pertinent, if the insuuction is effective, and if the order of the course is sound. Based largely on such comments, the order of the course has been revamped to give greater emphasis on Chronological order of the course now is a s follows: (1) instrumentation, (2) chemical tech- .Few cou ~ s c offerings anywhere appeal to such a large Segment of the scientific community as do the basic radioisotope cou ~ ses. The accompanying table. shows by percentages institution represented and the broad field utoradiography -has. come to be one of the important research' techniques in biology and medicine, and a three-week course was given for 20 participants on this subject begiming on July 2. Material covered in lectures and laboratory sessions included the theory of the ?hotgraphic process, reaction of ionizing particles with photographic emulsions and the interpretation of . ; results, and the techniques of making gross :: both the Special Training and Medical Division were used in the conduct of the COUKS ~ , which w a s directed by George A. Boyd, Senior Scientist with the Institute and the UT-AEC Agricultural Among lecturers and laboratory leaders in the COLKSC were Julian Webb and John Spencer Eastmaa Kodak Company; Roberr DudleY* hlassachusetts Institute of T e Holt, N e w England Deacones Leblond and Rita Bogarach, University of New Mexico, I an The facilities of -

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Industrial and Research and Miscellaneous Institutions The Special Training Division demonstrated :s vers=ility during the Yea by offering a 3urse in the techniques of Prepa% Probiems x solution by high speed digital coV ut ers, ich especial emphasis on tbe type machine now idcr construction for oak Ridge National Labora- ?CY. In this COWSC, however, the Division .Xried out administrative and housekeeping .sc:ions only; Alsron S. Houscholdcr, Chief of i e SIathcmatics Panel of Oak Ridge National .:ogram-and arranged for the l ecw ers. Seventeen *ani< Its, mainly from the SOU&eaSt, cook the 3 ~ s . a number with a view to later research Total Physical Medical Biology and Sciences Sciences Agriculture . Householder recruited an outstanding group of mathematicians to conduct the coucsc, led by John von Neumann, o f the Institute for Adregarded a s the father of the modern computing machine. Orhers who lectured in the cowsc Office of Naval Research; J. W. Givens, of the Universiry of Tennessee; B. M. Drucker, Oak Ridge Graduate Fellow in mathematics from t h e University of North Carolina; and c'. L. Perry, No .\.I. Disrnuke and Dr. Householder, of the sfathematics Panel. Assistants in the course were Lewis Nelson, J a c k Moshman. and W. C. Sangren, also of the Mathematics Panel.

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Aaron Ganz Udivcrsity of Tennessee Perry M. Johns ton University of Arkansas b fed ical College of Ala. University of Louisville John A. Sea lander University of Arkansas Jean Alice And crs w John B. miroey Clernson Colle pe Roberta B. Clo user John L. rood University of Tennessee hlary Ne11 Craig M.D. Anderson Hosp., Houston Ohio State University Patricia Ann Fisher Duke University Vem A. Harrison Henry Ford Hospital Mildred Miller University of Texas Med. Branch Universiry of len nes see Sarah V. Robinson University of Kansas Universiry of Kansas Peggy c. Moyers Margie Lee Ross 1. Consultant to Special Training Division Cyril L. Comar University of Tennessee - AEC An. Research Program 11. Lecturers Assisting in Training Program Paul C. A e ber sold Leonard F. Be langer Oscar B izz ell Pau ick Fitr gerald Alexander Holl a end tr Aromic Energy Commission O a k Ridge Narional Lab. Argonne National Laboratory Unir. of Orrawa, Canada Atomic Energy Commission University of Penn syl rani a Univ. of Tenn.- AEC Ag, Research program Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Oak Ridge Graduate Fellow) hiass. In xi cute of Technology Argonne National Laborarory Oak Ridge Inst. of h ’ uclc ~stu. Gnivetsity of Tennessee Oak Ridge National Laboratory Universiry of htichigan Universiry of Kansas Oak Ridge X at ional Laborator). New England Deaconess Hosp. Oak Ridge Kati on a i Laboratory McGill Univ., hfonueal, Canada Atomic Energy Commission Gnir. of Tenn. - AEC Ag. Research Prop am Michigan State College Atomic Energy Commission John von Neumann Atomic Energy Cornmission University of Illinois Oak Rid p National Laboratory Office of Naval Research Eastman Kodak Company Kacional Heart Institute University of Illinois Inscirute for Advanced Study Lore lace Clinic Oak Ridge lnst. of Nuclear stu. Ag. Research Prog am Ill. Radioisotope School Participants Koel F. Bartone New York Medical College c Albert Doers ch uk Robert C. Frost Rice Insciture University of Michigan State College of Uashington Jefferson Hospir al, P h ilsde :phis Amer. Cyanamid Co., Pearl River?‘ Spring Hill (Ala.) College Inrernat’l Res. 6 Dev. Labs..

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gro,, R. Lau rer iglia,,, B. Sav chuck Lrs Thornassen University of Michigan John rear Duke University La. Stare Univ. Schl. of Medicine Atlantic Refining Co., Philadelphia. American Oocologic Hosp., Phila. University of Idaho Kennedy VA Hospital, Memphis Kat’] Inst. of Dental Res., USPHS, Staten Island University of Kansas Yed. Center Good Samaritan Hosp., Lcxington.Xy. Tiifred C. Curphey Cur p hey Clinic,Stockton, Calif. 5!ycr U. Fishman College of the City of New York Lee E. Gordon Univ. of Chicago Depc. of Ye di cine Helen G. Hustcd Br c nau College George K. Irnirie Naval Med. Res. Inst., Ee the sda, Md. Tilli Johnston Montana State College, As. Exper. Scation .4ndrew Konnerzh University of Pittsburgh School of Ye di cine Grzy B. Kornegay Duke Univcrsiry hu riceS a taro VA Hospital. Louisville, Ky. xo bert A. Olson University of N e bra ska xokn B. Painter Biological Depc., ?$;lip Person Bureau of Biolog. Res., 3avid Pramer Rucgers Universiry Edward E. Riley Bene dic r College, Columbia,S.C. Darnon V. ~ oy ce Reynolds bletals CO., Donelle W. She mood Universiry of Arizona Eiward D. Thomas Mass. Institute of Technology Pc rih an Carr bel University of Florida Joseph G. Dinwiddie Clemson College Aaron Ganz University of Tennessee Alfred hlachis Johns Hopkins University Robert L. Pedersen Duke University Samuel Pen nell Maimonides Hospital, Brooklyn William H. Spruot LII General Ele c. Co., American Can Co., htaywood, Ill. Booth Hosp., Covington, Ky. College of Medicine Bjorksten Res. Labs., Shell Dev. Co., Emeryville, Calif. Erhyl Corp, Detroit. Mich. Sar ional Inst. of Heal&, Ec the sda, Md. Sinclair Res. Labs., Harvey, Ill. Ethyl Corp., Ferndale, Deu o it, Mich. Tuianc University of Louisiana Atomlab, Inc., New York Reds to a e Arsenal, Huntsville, Ala. Hospital of Woman’s Med. College, Boston Naval Shipyard Dispensary Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Mich. Peter Bent Brigham Hosp., Boston Army Chem. Corps School, Long Island College Hosp., Brooklyn hlorley Alexander Pit rsfield (Mass.) C Ii nica I Lab. Bureau of Mines, Ban les ville, Okia. Standard Oil Develop. Co., Chem. & Radio. Labs., Gem. & Radio. Labs., Army Chem. Cenrcr, Md. The Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, Mich. Edel sack Emerp Tumoc Group, Leonard Calan ter

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Sitarama Lak sh man an John hi. Miles 11e I vi n Grum bac h Twenty - sixth Course Samira hi. .4ly Fuad 1 Univ., Cairo, Egypt Roland I. Da ties Roberr Donia T h e Upjohn Company, M.R.S. Iyengar Rutgers University Frances M. Richardson h'onh Carolina State College Em an ucI Salrman Alberru Viau . Duke University Hospital : I University of Georgia U'right-Patterson AFB, Dayton, Ohio U. 5. Kavy Medical Corps Kava1 Air Der. Center, National Cancer Inst., University of Tennessee Texas Cicy. Texas h'orth Carolina Srate College University of Virginia Denver (Colo.) General Hosp. Ohio Scare University.. Teras Xes. Foundation, hfitchell R. Zavon Auto radio graph y Course ..Y.I." University of Maryland College of Medicine ,.-. Abbort Labs., N. Chicago, 111. Cha unc ey G. Bly University of Kansas. .: Kansas State College New Y ort City Bureau of Plant Industry, Michigan State College University of Maryland Robert Packer Iiosp., Sayre. Pa. Jessup, Ga. John Gers ten Ohio State Un iversiry Pittsburgh Plate Glass CO., Nashville E le a nor 0 shry New York Unir.-Bellerue Tulane University of Louisiana Baltimore, hld. Luther E. Preuss Henry Ford Iio spiral, Detroit .-.'?:. Ohio State University Thomas Putman Unh. of Rochester Sch. of Med: & Dent. Naval Mcd. Res. Unit 4, Great Lakes, Ill. Mount Siani Hospital, Kea. York Gioria E. Zander hlarquette Gniv. School of !&d. College of Cledicine John Tull is Kava1 Medical Research Inst. Charles Van Cleave University of North Carolina L. Van hiiddlcworth Univ. of Tenn. College of bkd. Daniel T. Uatts Univ. of Virginia Depr. of Med. . Alfred E. UYlhclmi Emory Univ. School of hledicine George 2. U il liam s Medical College of \'irginia C laud c Starr Urighr Ohio State Univ. Dept. of Med. Bowman Gray School of hledicine .E rnest L. Yount Course in Techniques of Preparing problems Math. 8: Phys. Depanrnent, U'jllow Run Research Center. Tayne Universir)., Detroit Mississippi Stare College for High Speed Digital Computers nh Carolina Sutc Coueg

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Dennis U. Strawbridge Universiry of Chicago Eve l yo P. Ripgin Randolph-Macon College 1. U'. Wedding 1.B.k Ccxp., Atlanta Eric Nix General Ele c. Co., Oak Ridge Technical Advisory Committee Paul C. A ebc r sold Atomic Energy Commission UT-AEC Ag. Res. Program Oak Ridge National Lab. Oak Ridge Nat i oo al Lab. O a k Ridge National Lab. Oak Ridge National Lab. Atomic Energy Commission I.Organized Groups Visiting Museum Ausrrian University Choir 1 7 Bagdad (Ky.) High School 27 Barter Theatre, Abingdon. Va. 4 Bearden High School, Knoxville, Tenn. 28 Camp Hy-Lake, Quebeck, Tenn. 26 Camp Patterson,B cary ville, Ky. 13 Carter High School, Strawberry Plains, Tenn. 39 Cedar Grove Elementary School, Camp Le Conte, Elkmont, Tenn. 121 Central High Sch.qol, Columbia, Tenn. Central High School, Warnburg, Tenn. Ceo u al High School, Woodbury, Tenn. Coventry Day School. S. Coventry, Conn. Cub &ours, Bearden School, Knoxville, Tenn. Cub Scouts, Willow Brook School, Dale Ave. Settle me or House day camp, David Lipscomb High School, Nashville, Dobbyns-Benoen High School, Kingsporn, Earlham College, Richmood, Ind. East Bernscadt (Ky.) High School East Teon. Section, America0 Society East Tenn. State Teachers College Eli raber ht on (Tenn.) High School Everett High School, Maryvillc, Tenn. Explorer Scouts, Lawrenccburg, Iod. First Baptist Church, Kingston, Tenn. Flat Rock (N.C.) High School Foreign Students touring U.S. under auspices Franklin (K.C.) High School French Bureau of Labor Standards d: French industrialists dr government officials Oak Ridge, Tenn. of Chemical Engi oe ers Mexicao labor union workers touriog under auspices of Mutual Security Agency Friends Summer U'ork Camps, Maylaod, Tenn., dr Pioe Mountain, Ky. Future Farmers of America from Florida high schools Future Farmers of America, Splendora Gatlinburg (Tenn.) High School Girl Scout Leaders, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Great Commission High School, Anderson, Ind. Gr cene …