Fourth Annual Report for the Year Ending June 30, 1959

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NE WAY of giving an ovenu r k w of tbe rowth of the Institute is to list briefly &e important steps in its chronological development. These steps are set out SepfemBer 16 - The idea for the Institute suggested and encouraged by Dr. Katherine Way at a parry et This idea subsequently explored with adminisa at ive officers of the University of Tennessee, and other duties by the University of Tennessee administration to promote and develop the idea. November - Joint committee of University of TCMCSSCCand Clinton Laborzories personnel formed to decide on further steps. This committee planned a conference of neighbaing universities to give preliminary consideration to t h e idea. December 5 - Preliminary conference with reptesentatives from nine ocher neighbaing universities, TVA, Manhattan Dkaicc, and Oak Ridge operating contractors held in Knoxville under sponsorship of Unkersicy of Tennessee. Xnterim committee of representatives from the ten universities formed to calla cmference in Oak Ridge wj& complete representation of all universities in the region. December 27-29 - Representatives from Southern universities met and organized the non-corporate Oak Ridge Confereoce of December, 1945. The Conference set forth broad objectives, recommended the n a m e now borne by the Insticute, and appointed a n Execrrtive Committee of the Conference t o undertake promotional and organ la - The Execurive Committee of the Conference contained representatives from the unimxsities, from production plants, from research laboratories, and from the Manhattan Engineer District. - 3 RProgram under way on a sustaining bask, and discussion initiated leading t o the fa of a proposal for the Instit-. 5.' June - A definite proposal w a s prepazed for *%$- spccified in detail the nature and orgaGatioo ~~ the proposed Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear s'ud;t,;. its famation a s a non-profit organizaliou of G-:, engage under contract with the District if a d .bg-. was recast s o as to include only representat;,,, ,:;from &e universities and T V A in order t o kin, i 1. into accord with the J u ~proposal. August - As are suk largely of the effo- of k.ii was approved by the Monsanto Chemical Corn&, .:; opracors for the District of the major Oak ~ d k - research la bora toties . Sepkmber - The proposal of t h e Exec,,-irc.'. Committee was appoved b y the hfaobal,: October 15 - The Oak Ridge lnstiture of h'ucIeU Studies received a charrer of incaporation from tb .: Secretary of Scare of TCMCSSCC, mission to the Manhattan Engbecr District -wz-s.C_ sities, and t h e types of activities in which it ***.;: .- October 17 - The in cap a at or smet to ndop and elect sponsoring institutions on the bask of r recommeodation of the Coaferencc of Deans d Southern Graduate Schools. Sponsoring universities elected a t this & were Alabama Polytechnic Institute, G&oL University of America, Duke University, E m q Universky, Georgia Institute of Technolog, of Louisiana, Ur her s it y of Alabama, Uniwxsity d Kentucky, University of N d Carolina, Consolida*& University of Tennessee, Universuy of Teras, Universky of Virginia, and Vanderbilt Universb. firstmeeting of the-Council of sponsoring insttrr tions of the Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies.

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Pending acceptance of election by the direct as ad prior to their first meeting, the Executive Committee of the December, 1945 Conference continued its activities. fan- I - By executive order of President Truman, &e Manhattan Engineer District w a s dissolved and tbe Atomic Energy Commission rook over a l l atomic energy facilities and the responsibility for polity and administration i n accordance with the Atomlc Energy Act of 1946. The previous agreements with the Disuict teprding t h e developwnr of the Institute were &:eEore no longer valid. February 14 - The first meeting of the Board of * Acting Executive Director. nwch 18 - The Institute received from the Atomic E=rgy Commission a g*lettcrof-intent” to enter a would noc renew its contract with the Atomic Eergy Commission for its Oak Ridge operacons Agreements and underscandings existing betraten t% Lime still known as Clinton Labotatories, like ’- Second annual meeting of the Council held hang t men cr were adopted by the t o permit the hst it ute to take over the ‘ OQhCt for operatioa of Clinton Laboratories from Chemical Company if AEC should desire . li-r elected t o Board of Directors to fill -rick created by resignations of Mr. Lilienthal +mber - The Un sky of Chicago was named r,AEC as the new opetator of Clinton Labaatorics Over from Moasanto on Jan- 1, 194& The period from September through December % devoted to amking out operating agreements the Institute and the University of Chicagocontract aegaiations, and th Carbide Gh~aCorpcx-acion, traditional operator of the r--.-. lOd Chemicals Divkioo of Union Carbide gaseous diffusion production plaa,was named by AEC a s the new operator of the Oak Ridge NatiouaI Laboratory, a s it was now called. JanuatylHarch - In this internal agreements were r cach d with the Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Division, which took over operation of Oak Ridge National Laboratory on March 1, 1948. March 1-2 - Representatives of Southern medical schools met in Oak Ridge to cm sid tr the feasibility of operating a cancer research program at Oak Ridge under the auspices of the Institute. They recommended that such a program bc undertaken. May 3 - The first graduate student =rived tocmy out cbcsis research a t Oak Ridge National Laboratory through the Institme’s Oak Ridge Graduate Commission replaced by a definitive, long term /cme 28 - First session of the Radiokocope Training School.opened under the auspices of the Thkd Annual Meccbg of Council held. Univer sities of h kau as, Florida, Georgia, Louisville and Mississippi elected as sponsoring insu’tutioas. the posirion vacated by the ek c tio a of Dr. Pollard ns Executive Dkccror November 1947. Divisions formally organized and staffed. Mach - Dr. Frank P. Graham, first president of the carp a ation and fksc Chairman of the Council of the Institute, resigned t o assume his responsibilities a s Unkcd States Senator from the State of Nod March 19 - The American Museum of AtolDicEocrgy opened at Oak Ridge d e r the operating rcspoasibility of the Institute. j ~ t e25 - Consuuction sancd on the cancer research hospital for the Medical Division. The entire program for this Division was o w esrablished in the Institute’s contract as o w of its operating /we 2 9 - T h Council of t h e Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclrnr Stud ks at its fourth annual meeting made a significnnr revision of its by-laws. o f the two poses previously held by Dr. Graham, namely Chairman of the Council and President of

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of the Couocil, and, a t a meeting of the Directors President of the Insrituu. Elected a s sponsoring institutions were Mississippi State College, North Car oha State College, Rice Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and the University of Oklahoma. Elected to the Board of Dkectcxs were August - The first a M U l summer symposium, on Modern Physics, sponsored jointly by the Institute and tbe Oak Ridge National Laboratory, w a s held 1anuw-y I - Dr. Purks resigned a s Chairman of the Council to become Associate Dkector of the General Education Board. Jan - 25 - Institute be pond m kL x rat i a cl of AEC sponsored prcdwtoral feuowshiP Program, Radiological physics felloarship propesmblished a t Vanderbilt University and UcuveP sity of Rochester under Insticur Admin kati on, Februor). 1 - Dr. Pegram appointed scientific and cduca tional c oas ult aot to Institute. May 15 - First patient accepted for treatment Cancer Research Hospital. June 27-28 - Fifth meeting of the Council, Agricultural and Mechanical C o ~ e g cof Texas and University of South Carolina elected as s po as ~ & ~ John R. Dunning and Edward Mack Jr., were elected t o the Bard of Directors to fill positioas formerly occupied by Dr. Pegram and Dr. Wiper,

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HE ACTIVITIES of t h e Special Training Division continue to be a vital parr of the Atomic Energy Commission's isotope distribution program. It is perhaps significant t o note that more than 40 per cent of the institutions which have received radioactive isotopes from t h e Commission have had one or more staff members attend one of the Basic Radioisotope Courses. These include representatives from more than 400 hospitals, ina dustries, medical schools, universities and colleges, military establishments, and other T h e outstanding development during the ye= was the initiation of advanced courses in specific phases of radioisotope work. A t the same tlme, s i x more basic courses were held in view of the continuing demand for training on this level. A policy was also formulated for admission of foreign participants to the winter courses. Members of the staff devoted considerable t i m e during the year to assistance in production ! of a series of fifteen motion pictures on radioisotopes. The Army Signal Corps is making the films under the auspices of the Surgeon General's Office. The series will comprise a valuable addition to training material in the radioisotope field. T h e first films have been completed and will soon be ready for distribution. i BASIC RADIOISOTOPE COURSES Six basic courses were given during the year Seventeenth Course ...... July 31, 1950 Nineteenth Course. ...... Feb. 19, 1951 scheduled for the summer of 1951. - T e ' date, 640 participants have taken the basic radioisotope courses. The accompanying map shows their origin and iIlustrates to s o m e exrent the great diversity of backgrounds. Parricipaots represent almost every field of physical and biological science asis shown by Field of Participants Number of ,Participants Prior to July, 1950 Total conLcnt of the basic COUIS ~ S over the past three years, indicating the soundness of the thinking of the committee of radiochemists a*hichoutlined t h e program. Changes that have been made in general involve newer equipment or more advanced techniques. The COUS ~ S still consist O f eight background lectures on fundamental nuclear thcory, laboratory lectures, seminars and a considerable amount of individual laboratory n e participants develop into a cohesive unit of highmoraleduring their ootmonth stay in OaG Ridge, and many report it enjoyable as w e l l a s instructional in nature. Medical personnel find a real community of interest in the Institute Medical Division and the exchange of ideas is of mutual advantage. A l l of the groups tow the UT-AEC farm area, the Biology Division and tbe radioisotope processing areas of Oak Ridge National Laboratory as apax of the COUTSC. In addition to the regular staff, seminar leaders are drawn from &e Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the AEC, and other installatioos. Seminar leaders and subjects include: Elda E. Anderson, Oak Ridge National Labe ratory, Practices of Health Physics. George Manov, AEC Isotopes Division. search Program, Use of Radioisotopes in Animal T h e Medical Division of the Institute conducts the seminars in the u s e of radioisotopes in humans, and a member of the Isotopes Division staff conducts a seminar on the procukment of radioisotopes. George A. Boyd, of the Medical Division, conducts a session on autoradiography as parr of the basic course. Villiam G. Pollard Only minor changes have been made in the I Two advanced co

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Applications of Radioisotopes were given during the reporting year and z third on Autoradiography was planned and begun on July 2, 1951. This course w a s offered for two weeks beginning on September 5 after considerable demand had been made for it. Thirty-four p a r ticipants, all of whom had taken the basic course or had equivalent experience, came to Oak Ridge for the course. Each day was devoted to discussion ofa particular subject; Discussion leaders for the course and the subjects are a s foollows: Fast Circuits, by W. H. Jordan, Oak Ridge Construction Practices, by E. Fairstein, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Scintillation Counters, by P. R. Bell, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Alpha Counters, by R. H. Firminhac, Special Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Institute of Radiobiology, University of Chicago. In addition to the discussions, a number of insuument manufacturers provided displays of various instruments as a n adjunct of the course. Dr. R e x Fluharty, of the Special Training Division staff? was i n charge of the course. The demand for this c y ~ ecourse, while not heavy, is Persistent and additional instrumentation COUCS ~ S may be offered at a later date. The increased use of radioisotopes in medical Practice as well as bolder experimentation in the and biological sciences made an advanced Course desirable in the applications of radioOffered for two weeks beginning on February 5many ways, it w a s one of the outstanding events of the vear. Discussion leaders arc in the frontier of &is field, and the 45 participants an avid group who contributed immeasurably The outline of the couse showing subjects 'Overed and discussion leaders isas followt: Interaction o f Radiation with Matter, Radiation Pesrern, Associate Director, Health Physics Division, ORNL; Dr. Marshall Brucer, Chairman, Building Programs Administrator, ORNL. Dosimetry, Clinical Autorodiogrophy, and Edith Quimby, Department of Radiology, Columbia Jacobson, Associate Dean, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Chicago. External Rodioi sotope Therapy, Phosphorus-32 Therapy, Demonstration Laboratory and ClinicDr. John P. Storaasli, Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of Cleveland; Dr. Carl V. Moore, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington Universiry, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Radium, Cobalt, Gold, and other Radioisotopes i n Irnplantotion Therapy - Dr. Gilbert Fletcher; Ohio State University; Dr. Paul F. Hahn, Director, Meharry Medical College Cancer Research Metabolism Studies and Thyroid Neoplasm htemorial Center for Cancer and Allied Diseases, Maurice S. Raben, New England Center Hospital, Diagnostic Techniques i n Brain Tumor surgery Depanment, Veterans Hospital, Houston, Dr. Jerry Aikawa, Bowman Gray School of Medicine. Chief of the Biology Division, Office of Research and Medicine, Oak Ridge Operations, AEC; Dt. Cardiovascular Research and Blood Volume ~- School of Medicine. Tracer PhosoholiDid Studies and Techniques of Tracer Phoiphoiipid Researcb Tracer Uses in Carbohydrate. an Institute; Dr. John Wood, University of Tennessee,

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chusetts General Hospital. Clinic on Galliurn-72-- by ORINS xiedical Mineral Metabolism Studies i n Animals and Dr. Bert L. Vallee, Massachusetts Institute of A s noted in the program, the Institute Medical Division wasa co-partner with the Special Training Division in the conduct of the course, and the facilities and research work of the Division were subjects of great interesc to the Because of t h e widespread use of radioisotopes in medical practices, it i s expected that additional courses similar to this one will T h e value of the Special Training Division staff i s not alone in i t s teaching. Each year it serves in a consultative capacity to a large number of persons seeking …