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lb) tley: York University IC)Oak Ridse National Laboratory Oak Ridge Associated Universities 4 ) Oak Ridge National Laboratory General Electric Company 1 ) To determine the bio los ical effects of irradiation to the skin 2 ) To study transplantation of tissues and whole organs and 1-131 when therapeutically used in certain diseases, and the evaluation o f the hematological response obtained from their use 4 ) To determine the distribution of tritiun i n the human body resulting from surface contamination,inhalation and ingestion Short Description and Foll ow-up Data: la) Shielded disks of l - inch diameter containing P-32 were used. Exposures were made by setting the source directly on the skin. healthy volunteers each were exposed t o doses of 140 t o 1180 rep. The dose required to produce a visible reaction in 80% of the people was found t o be between 170 and 200 rep. Two groups of ten For an erythema the dose was determined t o be 635 t o lb) Experiments carried out on living human skin i n situ demonstrated that the Pont oph ores is of weak solutions of thorium X w'i7 m crease its biological effects as judged by erythema and pigmentation, and cause greater penetration as shown by autoradiography. (Report dated 1955.)
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IC)Fifteen subjects were exposed on their left fourth finger t o 200-600 R o f 130kv x-rays ina single expaure. before and after treatment. Microscopic observations were made 2 ) During the period 1960 t o 1963, one patient (in this report) received 250 R total body x - ray irradiation to suppress the immune reaction to a kidney transplant, Seven othcr patients received doses of 350 or 450 R. treat w nt apparently ws not successful but survival time wasn't stated. 3 ) During the period 1935 t o 1963, internal irradiations using P-32, Y-90 and 1-131 were continued and their clinical therapeutic and irradiation effects studied in patients with polycythemia, chronic leukemias, mu1tiple myeloma, lynphosranul oses and thyroid disorders, including thyroid carcinoma. patients receiving internal irradiation over the past 25 years have been closely fol lowed. obtained on t h e deceased patients. 4a)In 1959, six subjects received a few milli curies of tritium by inhalation of i sotopical ly 1 abel e d hydrogen gas. Tri t i urn concentration in urine was monitored for 15 subsequent days. 4b)In 1952, subjects inspired HTO saturated oxygen for4to5 minutes. The HTO retained inthe body during the exposure was obtained by subtracting the 4 c ) Also in 1952, measured anounts of tritium as H T O were ingested by male Ahigh percentage post-mortem examinations have been Venous blood and urine were monitored for tri tim activity for 24 d ) The lower arm o f subj'ects was exposed for variable lengths of time t o various activities of HTO a s water vapor and the HTOin water. activity i n urine was monitored. 4e) Air saturated with tritium oxide was circulated for one hour over a triti UTI acti vi tyin urine passed several hours fol 1 owi n g exposure. 2 Absorption was estimated from the 25) I n 1951, fourteen human subjects were exposed over a small area ( 4 0 cm on the forearm or abdomen to a water-vapor atmosphere labeled w i t h tritium skin area while breathing uncontaminated air. Absorption o f tritium oxide was estimated by measurement of tritium oxide subsequently excreted in t h e subject's urine. The data from .these experiments indicated a 4-fol d greater absorption rate than that measured earlier in rats. established the importance o f the skin as a route o f entry for tritium'oxide and led t o reductions in the allowab1.e concentration o f tritium oxide i n A single human subject was similarly exposed over his total