Preliminary Report on Radionuclide Levels in Samples from Eneu Island and the Eneu Test Plot, Bikini Atoll

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Preliminary Repcr t on Radionuclide Levels in Samples from Eneu Island and the Eneu Test Plot, Bikini Atoll The abstracted programs and preliminary results described below were initiated and are continuing with support from the Division and Environmental Research, Department of Energy. The Eneu test plot was established in August-September of Biomed ical subsistence crops planted at this time were: Pandanus, breadfruit, papaya, banana, sweet potato, squash and watermelon. In addition to these subsistence crops, coconutsare now plentiful on the trees planted on In August and November of 1977, coconuts were collecttid for analysis from a number of trees along with associated soil results for 137Cs concentrations in these samples samples. The preliminary are attached. Data for be available before In November of 1977, the squash and,watermelon planted during August in the test garden were available for sampling. The‘collections have been processed and are presently being analyzed la7Cs concentration data should be availab 1for specific radionuclides. e for these samples this summer will hopefully be available The breadfruit and Pandanus fruit were planted not produce-fruit for several years. G/hen the test as root stock and will garden was started in

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August 1977, however, three breadfruit trees (lo-15 feet in height) were transplanted to Eneu from Bikini Islands. If these trees survive, breadfruit will be available to sample soon. We will confirm this possibility during our May 1978 trip to Bikini Atoll. The concentration of 137Cs in Eneu coconut (data attached) is higher predicted using the limited data bank from Enewetak and is higher the concentrations used in the dose assessment of Bikini Atoll (Dose UCRL 51879 Part 5, 1977). These recent data are preliminary and additional results from both Bikini and Eneu Islands will be available in the near future. We will then reassess the concentration data, the concentration ratio data and the resulting dose predictions for Eneu Island. The results of our radiochemical analyses of ground and cistern water from Bikini and Eneu Islands collected in 1975 have been published (Noshkin, Robison, Wong and Eagle, "Evaluation of the Radiological Quality . of the Water on Bikini and Eneu Islands in 1975" UCRL 51879 Part 4). The water from the wells and cisterns at Bikini';$d Eneu Islands has been resampled for analyses twice during 1977. Our available radionuclide concentration data for Eneu ground and cistern water is shown in the attached table. In addition to continuing our assessment of radionuclide concentrations in the water, during November 1977, coliform bacteria counts were measured in the water from several cisterns and groundwater sites. The results of this latter analyses and recommendations were submitted to Dr. William E&rr of DBER in December 197'7 (see letter attached).

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Two new ground:/ater well sites, FWR 5 and FWR 5, were established on , Eneu Island during January 1977. The groundwater at these locations has low salinities and is of acceptable chemical quality but gOSr concentrations at FWR 5 exceeds the recommended EPA guideline of 8 pCi/l. FWR 4 is the main skimming well supplying groundwater for use on Eneu at the present time. The groundwater from this well is chemically acceptable for household and drinking purposes. The concentrations of 13'Cs, gOSr and 23g+240Pu in the water, however, have been variable since 1975 and during January 1977, the gOSr concentration was found to exceed the recommended EPA guideline of 8. pCi/l. The radionuclide concentrations in the groundwater at FWR 4 do not appear to change systematically. 13'Cs concentrations decreased between 6/75 and l/77, while gOSr and 23g+240Pu concentrations increased. Between l/77 ahd 11/77, both 13'Cs and 23g-t240Pu essentially doubled in concentration. We are attempting to correlate these changes in concentration with fresh water recharge from rainfall, groundwater residence times and other hydrological. The two cisterns attached to the old mess hall are presently the only aboveground storage facilities for rainwater on Eneu Island. The water in the cisterns is, of course, chemically acceptable for drinking and contains levels ofT3'Cs and gOSr lower than cisterns water samples collected from Bikini Island. The gOSr concentration in the Eneu cistern water is similar to the average levels reported for New York tap water (0.30 pCi/l) during 1977 (Environmental Measurements Laboratory Report, EML-339, April 1978).

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Consumption of the cistern water would result in lower 10, 30, 50 and 70 year integral doses than those computed for the consumption of Bikini cistern water in UCRL-51879, Part 5. The average concentrations 4n the water at FWR 4 will result in a slightly lower dose from 137Cs and 23g+240Pu and a higher s0Sr dose than computed for consumption of Bikini Island cistern water in UCRL-51879 Part 5. A number of the reef fish, mullet, were collected for radionuclide analysis from six different islands of Bikini Atoll, including Eneu, during 1977. Concentrations of specific radionuclides have been determined in the fish flesh, bones, skin, viscera, reproductive organs, gills and stomach contents. The radionuclide concentrations are used to compute the radiological exposure to individuals from ingestion of marine foods. Mullet from Bikini have h?gher 137Cs levels associated with muscle tissue than average values found for Enewetak Atoll fish. The mean 6oCo levels in muscle tissue of fish from both Atolls is similar and the highest concentrations are t associated with reproductive organs. Plutonium concentrations in mullet from Bikini differ from those at Enewetak but.the average concentration factor for plutonium in fish muscle is similar at both Atolls. The concentrations of specific radionuclides in mullet tissue vary greatly from island to island within the Atoll and the radionuclide concentrations in the fish caught off Eneu fall between the lowest and highest values detected in mullet at Bikini Atoll. Updated doses from consumption. of marine foods at Bikini is in progress. 54. 9$./A " Environmental Sciences Division Environmental Sciences Division

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Concentration Ratio Concentration Ratio Coconut Meat Coca Milk Mean 137Cs Concentration Ratio COCO Meat = 11.5 (~Ci/g dry Soil Mean 137Cs Concentration Ratio Coca Meat = 5.8 Mean 137Cs Concentration Ratio Coca Milk = 4.6 (pCi/g wet Coca Meat) (pCi/g wet weight Milk)