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1. Lll non-target vessels which enterod Bikini Lagoon after the Atonic. bcnb tests are more or less ccntminatod by raLicactive mter ids which were picked up fron the water i n the lzgoon. which mere i n contact with sea water are the principal areas which a r e The pats of the ships ( a ) The underwater body of the ship and appendages. (b) The interior of the fire and flushing systems. (d) The interior of the evapcrctors and asscciated salt mater pipine. (e) The exterior hull and salt mter cooling systcns of snall boats. (g) Lines, fenders and s iai lar equipage used at Bikini, 3180 stowages for these itens and fcr szall boats. water punps and associated salt watm piping used while i n The mj or it y of the above areus no longer have sufficient hazard fron externol rad in tim tc be of cmcern. The potential danzer invclved a t the present time is that .of M individual being poisoned by the radioactive m nter ids which are present. The only m y the latter action CM be daneerous i s by an in div idw l eating, breathing, c r getting into an open cut cr a skin abrasicn 3sufficient quantity of this radionctivo mter id. 2. The safety precauticns which are enmerated herein are designed t o prevent any possibility of hzmd due tom dic active toxicity. (a) At the earliest possible date obtain a coriplote nonitcring i n Until a suspect unit hcs been order t o kncs specifically the 1ocati.cn and relative quantity of radioactive m te rials present. pronounced clear by a nonitor it should be regar?ed as contanidecontanination neasures for the fouled lcc at ims. are ccnploted request renonitcring to Is certain if they hnve been conpletely effective. (c) If it i s necessary ts open up ac cnt cd m ted systen the fcllowing precautions should be 9bserved: (b)As soon as practicable thereafter prcceed nith the authorized Keep wet until found alonr of crntaninaticn d.1 SUf meS which have been exposed t o salt rrctcr. prevent extensive mounts of dust forning. If it is necessary t o perfcrn any ncrk on a ccntaninated unit, clean the part thorcuchly before,wcrking cn it. rust scale, mrine grcmth, an2 sedirent while met. This mill effectively
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(3) Skin ccntnct with radioactive cate rials shnll be avoided. For t h i s reason, gloves shoiild be morn when working on a contaninated part or in handling m te rials which have been renoved frcn ccntanimted surfaces. contanhated surface wlth vhich the body cones i n contact, such ;ns mnual cleaning of tho inside of a m i n ccndenser o r when rencving ccntaninaticn frm the undermter body of Tihen ncrkinn cn a large the ship, long sleeved w r k clothing,,,glnves..I 2nd--._-.I_...caps should be mcrn. Under these c irc un stm ces the c&t.ing-wq-n during the vrcrk shculd be lmnderod daily or on ccnpleticn of the job. Lhsn sandblast iy of tho undermter body i n drydock i s required fcr dcccntahincticn, the clothing ordinarily =in this operaticn is satis fic tory, but should be laundered on conp1etir.n of the rzork. During drydock work cn cont dna ted ships, rubbcr bcots shruld bo vorn and thoroughly hosed o f f after cocplating the xork. Every effort shculd be nade t o prevent spreadingm te rials. such m te rials. ~ They nust be kept met uld Flnced ina closed cbntainer f c r disposnl by siukdng at sea a t the first available f i b r e brushes, brocns, atc., shculd be mshed upon ccmpletion of use or Zisposed c.f Tith the ccntanimted m te rials. (6) [here welding, brazing, cr fl me cutting of cont dna ted piping o r surfnces is acccnplished adequate exhaust vent il c tic n nust (7) iJ.1 eolutions used i n I?cccntminnticn have the ordinary inch st rid &J"2 hazards ad,in additir,n, when they have been circulated ina suspect systcn D e a radioactive hazard. be disposed c,f a t least 10 rxLles a t sea o r beyond the 100 fathon (8) Ykere decontaninntion c f the underwater bcdy tif the ship is. required all rust and mrine gronth renoved i n drydock shall be handled i n accordnnce with instructinns i n subparagraph ( I ) above. If xet sandblasting i s required for docontanination, the sand should be gathered up m d prepare2 fcr sinking a t sen.
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( 9 ) Cvntnninated piping, valves, an5 other units vhich a r e recovod for replacement before deccntminatisn shll be segregnted and disposed ofat sea. 10) LOCSG contminated materials vhich are cwaiting disposal shculd be segregated and labeled t o prevent unwitting use c r nedfling. Open soui-cos o f radioactive debris should not be left untended. If necessary t c leave a ccntaninntcd unit cpen fora period of tine it should be covered tenporarily nh6n no Eork isin
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all ships shculd carry out the decontaninnticn procedures specified herein for the part affc-cted. This Ficrk should be ncccnplished at thc earliest practicable ihto nithout into rfc ring rcitl: the cperating schedule. Attenticn is directed t e the safety precautions cutlined i n Enclosure (A); all applicable portions mst be ebserved while conducting the deccntanination prccedure. deconta.,linatic.n agent used isa iiuriatic acid base with other nate rials added as nctcd i n the prmedure for each unit. precmticns Thich nust he used i n hcndlini: the acid a r e ncted: Khen ext eric r radi a tic n readings zbove approved tolerance levels Several general industrial safety (n) Mix the acid i n open air if possible. (b) Pour the cci? intc the water slorily, never the Rater intc the acid. (c) Personnel ong-ged i n handling md. nixing acid shculd wear rubber glcves, splash prccf GcgiIles, and acid func respiratcrs. Bicnrbomte of soda solxtion shculd be available as 3neu tri liz erin event ,>fs pilling or splashing neutralizing that spilled ::n the ship. quantities of hydrogen gas my he given off. ventcd tc the cutsitle atncspherc. devices shculd bG ptr it tod - in the innediate vicinity of the operation o r vent. (6) :.hen large units such as evaporators and csn2ensers are treated sone If practicable they should be In any event no open lights cr sparking (f)Ltl Tm ect i cns, mny of nhich nny bo tenpcrcry, mde fcr the purpcsc NOT heat the acid scluticn. of c irc uht ing the acid sol ut isn shall be tested nith plain water befcre actd (g) Xhile the ncid. scl uti on is circulating a ci?ntinuous mtch shall be imintainad cn all parts of the systcii for the purpcse z:f prc qt ly detecting any leaks vhich ray c?evelcp and applying rex dial r.ie::sui-es. (h) All valves which are closed t o prevent entry of acid scl uti on into i: part of the systen i n which it i s nct desired tc circulate the acid should be tagged and wired ort icd shut. tim cet hd sfsr each unit and systen which has been found t o contcin radioactive The prccedurcs Given belcn are the .;?proved rcd icl cgi cd dec at mim - (2) 3 1 loose s c a l e and zny zincs i n heat e-xchangers should be re- (3) The distilling plant is t o be set up t o prcvide fcr acid cir - t o break locse a s nuch scdo as psssible. ncved a d prepnred fcr disposition. culaticn thrcugh the entire salt water systen, i.e. shells, salt wnter an2 brine piping, and punps, and lieat exchnngcrs.
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fresh water side of the systen shall be accomplished by renoval of necessary lines and blunking off the ends, (b) An acid nixing tank shouls be provided: an ordinary s t e e l enough t o nix a sufficicnt quantity of scl uti cnt of ill the systen, although several nixes nay bo used to fill the systen. side of the pump selected to circulate the mid thrcugh the o r other appropriate drain lines back t o the acid nixing tank. Rubber lined firehose nay be used. for the tenporary lines. It i s desirable that the tank be large L :7 (c)d filling lines hall be run Ixm the acid tank t c the suction / A.A line or lines should be run from tle brine discharge ( 4 ) The acid solution shculd be nixed by adsing tno p D t s lSG Bame co mercia l nuri a tic acid t o 15 parts fresh water. o r brine lines are steel sr galvanized m-ought iron pipes a n intic nme part inhibit er to 100 pLuts of the ccnnercial acid added. (5)Fill the systen ccnpletcly. 'The shells nust be vented as near the tcp as pcssible i n crdcr t o acc..nplish ccnplute filling of the shell. Y,hcn the acid solution enters $he shells ccnsiderable foaming w i l l cccur and m y ccne cut the vents, buckets should be placed t o catch all werflom, i n the shell and tube cest s is dissclved. operation 3nd not allowed tc fall below one nord. Vihere scale i s unusuclly heavy it m y be necessary t o ad2 ad.?iticnal ccid t o complete the process. The circulation shculrl inmy case be for atleast tvc (2) hours, but not Over four. (4).I the systen,thorouGhly by circulatinl: fresh mter and pumping cverboord. Flush baffles p-mticularly, ant! reminder of inside of shell thcrouchly by firehose thrwgli the sight ports and redrain. The :icic! renoved shculd be han2l.ed as a contapinzted mter i al. (8) The system shall then be flushed out with a b c i l e r conpound solution t o neutralize any residual aci2ity. (9) The plant nay then be reassenbled, replacing any zincs which were removed, and placed i n cperaticn. desirable t c check the sufficiency .>f the treatnent before prcceeding tc, brenk dcwn the acid circulcrting systen and roassenble the plant. A11 distilled fresh m term u fact u red in the first tmentyfour (2.4) hours a f t e r placing the plant back in operation sh11 be dunped c verb ud. (10) Upon renonitoring it m y be fcunZ that certain parts cf the systen still have roat!ings ab ve tolerance. i;here these p nrt s me extensive a complete reapplicaticn of the procedure nay be necessary. if all scale i s renovei; f r : n the shell and tube nest it will be found easier and ncre effective t c c'isassenble the unit 3bcve tolerance and clean ei thor.mn ud ly or by separate acid washing. cccasicnally have beon found t c require sepmate treatment are cited; Khere salt mter (6) The acid shdl then be ccntinuously re circulate2 until all scale This m y be detected (7) Upon ccnploticn of c ircii ation drain the systen ccnpletely to.. Drain all pcckets, particularly the lines which If a ncnitor is available it is
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(a) it least one set of baffles at the top of first effect shell. (c) Brim overboard discharge line at elbows and. rmlves. (d) Scne parts o f brine cverbourd punp where aciZ c ir cula tic n was (e) Strainers cnthe, sucticn side cf the salt Inter pup. L-1, Badger type ermporat;ors having do.jBle A c r Triple A heat exchnyers shall be bciled nut f c r 96 hours a t a tenperatme of 2000 Fnhrenheit using one pound of boiler ccmpound toten gallons of water. .Bsscciated saEt muter piping shculd be cleaned ns specified fcr the fire and flushing system.
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The following steps shall be used i n cleaning those portions of the salt water systems which monitoring reveals t o be so contaminated as t o exceed established tolerance levels, The salt water systems involved include fire and flushing systems, salt water sides o f cooling systems with associated heat exchangers except condensers, pumps and drainage piping associated with be excluded from the cleaning process if they can be included, Parts of systems showing acceptable monitor readings shodd (1) Place a large mixing tank on deck ina suitable location to run a hose o r piping t o the suction side of a pump covering the system t o be treated. Arrange the suction of the pump, if possible, t o allow taking suction on the mixing tank, salt water o r on air alternately. Provide re circulating connections by hose from parts of the system most remote from the pump and lead back t o discharge i n t o the mixing (2) F i l l special mixing tank with solution of one gallon 180 Bhme commercial muriatic acid t o ten gallons fresh water and two ounces inhi biter (Rodene-Navy Spec. 51-I-2a) if available. Drain systems t o be cleaned a s completely a s possible using drain connections on pumps and as available a t low points of systems. Open outlets or vents i n systems t o permit air to enter for effectF i l l system with acid solution from mixing tank introducing through solution chich r : i l l probably involve thc; preparation of several mixes. Outlets on the system arc; t o be opencd until it i s determined by flor; that the decontamination solution has reached that' part of the all ports are filled and all outlets closed. After the system has been filled completely, re circulate the acid SOlu tion usin2 the pump and the recirculating lines provided back t o the king this period the normality of the acid should be checked by sampling and acid added as neoded t o maintain st least 1/2 normal Upon completion of dccontamination circulation, if the ship is in dock, drain acid solution from system as completely as possible using drains provided and collect solution i n suitable containers ford is - posal a s proscribed for contaminated m te rials. If the vessel is a t sea, discharge the solution overboard upon conpletion of circulation using drains found t o be contaminated. Watcr thus drained may be pumped overboard (I) The systems should be. filled completely with the As each line is filled, the associated outlet is closed until This process should be continued f o r about four (I)hours For vessels i n harbors o r
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alongside piers, the acid solution shall be drained into containers provided. Drain lines outboard of sea valves are considered as parts of the hull and shall be treated with the underwater body os required After draining acid solution, flush the entire system thoroughly with salt water for at lens t one hour using all avnilable outlets for disAfter the salt water flushing, prepare a neutralizing solution i n the spc cid mixing tank using 50 pounds of boiler compound t o 1,000 gallons of water. Drain the systom and f i l l …
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